What are “quarterings” as referred to in Candide?

In Voltaire's Candide, the main character goes through many trials and tribulations, including military service, imprisonment, and much more. In addition to his own sorrows, he witnesses many other horrifying acts, one of the more brutal of which is the "quartering" of individuals.
Quartering is a historical practice that is incredibly gruesome and, presumably, agonizing. It is essentially a form of dismemberment and torture, to the eventual end of killing someone as punishment. Typically, the main process (and the derivation of the name) is the act of ripping one's limbs from their body, thus removing the four pieces or "quartering" them. This would be incredibly painful, but it may have been additionally followed by flaying of the skin, removal of internal organs, or other forms of gruesome mutilation. In short, it was not a pleasant event.
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