What is the effect of colonialism on Kino's people?

Colonialism oppresses Kino's people, who are considered second-class citizens and are prohibited from accessing certain rights and privileges that only European colonists can experience on a daily basis. Kino and the Native community are forced to live simple, poverty-stricken lives outside of the town, while the European colonists reside in the impressive city. The European colonists have access to education and the best doctors, while the Natives are uneducated and do not have the money to afford necessary medical services.
In addition to dramatically restricting the rights of the Natives, the European colonists also take advantage of them economically, which prevents social mobility for Kino's people. For example, the unscrupulous pearl-buyers refuse to give Kino a fair price for the Pearl of the World and send thieves to rob him. Even the colonial Catholic Church and medical community are depicted as corrupt and oppressive. The priest only visits Kino's family in the hopes of receiving a large donation, while the doctor only agrees to see Coyotito when he hears about Kino's discovery. Eventually, Kino realizes that he cannot climb the social ladder due to the oppressive colonial institutions and flees his village while trackers hunt his family.