Which popular filmmaking movement believed in basing a film on one person's vision?

The idea of the auteur, French for author or originator, is at the center of cinematic approaches that emphasize the vision of one person, generally the director. Auteur theory guided the French New Wave movement of the late 1940s to 1960s. Important articles promoting this point of view appeared in the journal Cahiers du Cinema. From the original film concept to the writing and supervision of the script, the direction of cinematography, the casting, and the choice of score—all should be subject to the director’s control. Although the theorists who argued for the singular, guiding vision of the director were promoting this ideal in French cinema, they cited influential precursors in England and the United States, notably Charles Chaplin and Orson Welles. Important French directors in this movement are François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard.
https://www.britannica.com/art/auteur-theory