List the harmful and useful effects of bacteria.

Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that thrive in diverse environments (such as the ocean, the soil, and the human body). Various bacteria can have effects that are either useful or harmful to humans.
One useful function of soil bacteria is in decomposition of organic matter to enrich soil and provide nutrition for plants. Bacteria also increases fertility by fixing nitrogen for plants to absorb. The food industry relies on bacteria to create yogurt, cheese, vinegar, pickles, soy sauce, and other products. Types of bacteria are also used in industry to produce linen, jute, and other materials. In the human body, certain bacteria are essential in the gut to aid digestion, strengthen the immune system, and fight off pathogens.
Harmful bacteria that cause disease are known as pathogenic bacteria. These typically invade the body through impure food and water. For instance, streptococcus pyogenes can cause sore throats and skin infections. Escherichia coli, commonly known as E. coli, are often responsible for food poisoning, which brings on diarrhea, vomiting, and other symptoms. Other types of bacteria are responsible for cholera, typhoid fever, and other diseases. Some strains of bacteria have become resistant to antibiotics, making them even more dangerous.
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