The reasons why death can be perceived as being easily accepted in Elizabethan England are many and varied. To be sure, the average Englishman/woman may not have accepted death more readily, but they were certainly exposed to death in a way that Westerners can scarcely contemplate in the twenty-first century. Disease, for example, including Bubonic Plague and smallpox, among others, was a swift and frequent killer. Moreover, sick people (and also mad people) were not confined to clinics and hospitals, but were treated at home, where they convalesced or died. Even so-called healthy individuals could not expect to live past fifty years of age, and it was quite common to lose at least one parent by the time one reached their thirties.
Nevertheless, this is not to say that English people did not grieve the deaths of their loved ones. In fact, for commoners, the death of a family member was more than just emotionally devastating, it had enormous socio-economic repercussions. The death of a son meant the death of a farm-hand; the death of a daughter meant a lost opportunity for a profitable marriage. While this seems callous to our minds, parents definitely viewed their children through an economic lense, from the commoner to the royal. Lastly, the concept of God's involvement in human lives and affairs was prevalent whether one was Catholic of Protestant. Elizabethan Christians viewed God as the Supreme Architect of the Great Chain of Being, with death being one of the foremost signifiers of divine dis/pleasure.
People in Elizabethan times still grieved the loss of their loved ones as we do. This is evident through the vast quantities of Elizabethan poetry and drama focusing on the subject of death and how it ruthlessly cuts down the living. However, they rubbed shoulders with death more frequently than we do today. The main reasons for this were the following:
First, infant mortality rates were extremely high. It was expected not only that many children would not survive infancy, but also that many women would die in childbirth—and most women had many, many more children than women do today, thus increasing the risk of a childbed death.
Second, medicine was not very advanced. This meant that something we could now cure easily, such as syphilis or even measles, might result in death.
Third, life expectancy was shorter in general. This was related to poorer diets, particularly among the working classes, and also the expectation that many people would work physically demanding and damaging jobs, which could cause earlier death.
No comments:
Post a Comment