Give two examples of classical conditioning you have witnessed. Identify the neutral stimulus, the unconditioned stimulus, the unconditioned response, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response. Develop a plan on how you can classically condition a specific behavior. Can you think of anything you do that is not motivated by either the hope of reinforcement or the avoidance of punishment?

Classical conditioning is one of the earliest theories of education and behavioral psychology. Pavlov first established it through his famous studies of the salivation of dogs. Since that time, there have been many more theories of learning, but Pavlov’s theory still holds up to scrutiny as an example of how to condition a response based on a stimulus.
An example I can think of off the top of my head is an analogy for Pavlov’s experiment done in the office. Jim conditions Dwight to crave a mint every time he hears Jim’s computer turn on. The neutral stimulus is the computer startup sound; the unconditioned stimulus is the mint; the unconditioned response is the bad taste of Dwight’s mouth. Once he is conditioned to expect a mint (the conditioned response) when he hears the sound of the computer (the conditioned stimulus) through Jim giving him one every time he hears the sound, Dwight then notices a bad taste in his mouth because he doesn’t have a mint.
Another example of classical conditioning would be something like children hearing an ice cream truck. Children get excited about ice cream, they are conditioned by the neutral stimulus (the song, usually "The Entertainer"), and then they associate the music with ice cream and become excited as a result of hearing the music alone. It is a clever bit of psychology on the part of ice cream trucks everywhere.
If you were to develop a classical conditioning plan for yourself, it might be something like this:
I want to stop eating ice cream, so every time I think about ice cream, I will play nails scratching on a chalkboard. Eventually the sight of ice cream, originally a neutral stimulus, will become a conditioned stimulus that causes the conditioned response of discomfort, a feeling that I would automatically associate because of my memories of the chalkboard sound.

I have witnessed several situations in which the influences and the effects of classical conditioning can be seen. Classical conditioning is a learning process in which a coditioned stimulus relates to an unconditioned stimulus so that a conditioned response can be produced. It was first used by Ivan Pavlov, who wanted to test the salivation response in dogs (the Pavlovian dog). In fact, this is a perfect example of classical conditioning in animals, which happens very often. Basically, Pavlov presented a neutral stimulus—a bell, which didn't produce a reaction such as salivation. He also presented an unconditioned stimulus—food, which produced a response such as salivation. He then taught the dogs to associate the sound of the bell with the food so that they could give a conditioned response (salivation) to the bell, just like they did for the food.
I have also personally experienced classical conditioning myself; when I smell oranges I immediately become hungry and want to eat oranges. This is my conditioned response to an unconditioned stimulus (the orange's smell). My friend has the reverse reaction; when she smells beans cooking, she becomes slightly nauseous, as beans are her least favorite food.
Classical conditioning is commonly used when treating certain fears and phobias, alcohol, tobacco, and even drug addiction.