Transformational leadership, a theory developed by Bernard Bass in the 1980s, includes four components: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation. All four should operate interdependently, with none heavily outweighing the others. The first two elements combined generate the leader’s charisma. Transformational leaders tend to create a successful environment and productive workers or team members because they have and express positive expectations for their followers. Transactional leaders, in contrast, tend to be top-down and rely on reward for risk, appealing to workers’ self-interest to elicit good performance, as in expectation of higher future wages.
Charisma is an ineffable quality which individuals project and which draws followers to them. Charismatic leaders can convince potential followers of the correctness—often the moral value—of a position they support or an action they wish to take. The idea was developed by nineteenth-century German sociologist Max Weber. Charisma can be a necessary but sufficient element of transformational leadership; an individual can have charisma but not succeed at the other three components. In contrast, transformational leaders can be effective even if they lack charisma. Examples of this can be studied in Bill Gates contrasted to Steve Jobs.
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/201411/the-4-elements-transformational-leaders
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