Thursday, November 6, 2014

What is the difference between Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Jackson?

Andrew Jackson and Abraham Lincoln shared a number of superficial similarities: both men practiced law for a time; both came from relatively humble backgrounds to ascend to the highest office in the land; both generated a good deal of controversy throughout their remarkable political careers. Beyond that, the differences between them were far greater. In terms of personality, for instance, Jackson and Lincoln were like night and day. Jackson was notorious for his hair-trigger temper, whereas Lincoln was renowned for his generally calm and placid demeanor.
As members of different parties—Jackson was a Democrat, Lincoln a Republican—the two men had radically differing attitudes toward issues of national policy. During his time in office, Jackson became an implacable foe of the Second National Bank. Like many in his party, Jackson saw the Bank as favoring the wealthy east coast financial and commercial elite at the expense of agricultural interests, mainly in the South, who formed the backbone of support for the Democrats.
Under Lincoln, the Republican Party established close links with the very same economic interests to which Jackson was so implacably opposed. It was during Lincoln's presidency that the Republican Party became the party of big business, forging a close connection with the industrialists and financiers behind the rapid expansion of the Northern economy.
The most notable difference between Jackson and Lincoln lay in their respective attitudes toward slavery. Lincoln detested slavery and hoped and believed it would eventually wither away. Although the Civil War was fought on the basis of slavery and its expansion, Lincoln's initial focus was on keeping the Union together. If that could be done by preserving slavery, then so be it. But as the war drew to a close, Lincoln realized that all the bloodshed and all the sacrifice would be for nothing if it did not usher in a "new birth of freedom," as he called it in his famous Gettysburg Address. To that end, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation and worked hard to get the Fourteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, passed.
As for Jackson, he was a slave owner, and it's no exaggeration to say that virtually his entire wealth was built on the backs of his slaves. Though not perhaps as cruel as many slave owners, Jackson did beat his slaves. In one notorious incident, he brutally whipped one of his female slaves in public for "putting on airs."
Jackson took a number of his slaves with him to Washington when he became President. Once in office, he fiercely resisted any attempts to halt the spread of slavery into the Western territories. Moreover, he took active steps to prevent abolitionists from sending anti-slavery tracts to the South. For good measure he described abolitionists—in characteristically intemperate language—as "monsters" who should pay with their lives for such a "wicked attempt" at stirring up anti-slavery sentiment.

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