No, the thirteen colonies were not independent nations. They were all ruled by the British Crown—the King of England. As colonies, they were dependent on England for their defense, trade, and foreign relations. The colonies were not uniform, however. There were important historical, geographical, and economic differences between them. Also, some were royal colonies, some were proprietary, and some were charter. There were three distinct regions: New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies.
The colonies fought together against England during the Revolutionary War (1775–1783). During the war, they enjoyed a considerable amount of autonomy. They did not work well together, and at times, they almost acted as if they were independent nations. But this was temporary. They needed each other to form a viable nation. By 1789, they had joined together to create the United States of America.
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