In 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson established the idea of "separate but equal" public facilities for blacks and whites. It made it legal to disallow black people's use of public facilities deemed "white" only, as long as blacks were provided with similar facilities. This meant certain water fountains or swimming pools could be deemed "white only," blacks could be kept out of restaurants or hotels, and that black children could be segregated into separate schools. This effectively created a system of apartheid in southern states.
In 1954, in Brown v. the Board of Education, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy, requiring schools to be desegregated. This set the stage for overturning segregation and racial discrimination in general.
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act forbade many forms of segregation and discrimination. Three that are important are below. The titles of the first two, which reinforced Brown v the Board of Education, are self explanatory, while the third forbade discriminating against people looking for jobs based on their race, opening up career opportunities that had previously been closed to blacks:
TITLE III—DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES
TITLE IV—DESEGREGATION OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
TITLE VII—EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY
Sunday, October 13, 2013
Discuss the relationship between the Supreme Court cases Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education. What did each case establish about the legality of segregation? Finally, describe at least three of the Titles contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and explain the effect they had on segregation and discrimination.
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