Anointing one person as the founder of the field of physics is a speculative proposition at best and will no doubt engender more than a little bit of hot debate! Several notable females cannot be left from the list of contributors to the field as well, and calling a person the "father of the field" is, in all probability, a gender-biased term. Although there may be one name that tops the list, science and physics are fields that build upon the discoveries of their predecessors and work in related fields by contemporaries. Scientists are no more confident ranking physicists than historians ranking presidents. In response to the question, I will list the prominent contributors and leave the conclusion as to the founder for debate with the people in the field of physics.
The literature indicates there is some consensus in the physics field the list should start with Galileo. The observations and work by Galileo was the groundwork for discoveries by Isaac Newton. An early scientist Robert Hooke proposed the theory of elasticity or what is known as Hooke's Law. Sir Isaac Newton was a contemporary of Hooke and is a strong candidate as the originator in the field for work in classical mechanics, gravitational pull, and, most famously, for the three laws of motion. The literature includes references to Johannes Kepler and Michael Faraday as well as the inclusion of a group of philosophers that contributed to the theoretical understanding of how the natural world operates.
In the literature are four physicists that contributed to physics in very specialized research, but their work nonetheless led to significant discoveries laying the groundwork for modern physics. The names of these men are Amedeo Avogadro, Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot, Charles Augustine De Coulomb, and William Thomson. Of the four, Avogadro is cited for his work on the microscopic level and his visionary work in mathematical theory. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) is famous for developing the absolute zero scale of temperature, and his legacy is forever attached to that discovery known as the Kelvin Scale.
The accumulation of the contribution to the field of physics leads to a near consensus choice of a founder of modern physics, Albert Einstein. Einstein's achievements are well documented, and it is easy to see why he would place on top of the list of founders for modern physics. Hannes Alfven is a name that appears nearly as much as Einstein, and Niels Bohr deserves consideration as well.
Let's not leave out the significance of female contributors to the field. Amalie Emmy Noether was a mathematician and physicist at about the same time as Einstein. Her contribution was known as Noether's theorem, which deals with energy expenditure and time. Hertha Ayrton was a British physicist and mathematician that, in addition to her contributions to physics, is the first woman to be nominated to the Royal Society, an elite, all-male group from the scientific community. Though nominated, she was not elected, as women were denied membership. Vera Rubin, an American scientist, proved the existence of dark matter. Fabiola Giannotti was a pioneer in subatomic particles. No list is complete without including Marie Curie. There are many more examples of females who pioneered work in the field, and they cannot be dismissed from the prospective list of founders.
While this response is not a definitive answer to your question, hopefully it encourages you to expand your thinking to see how any field is the accumulation of the work of many different people with interests and expertise in a variety of areas. The challenge is not to find the founder but rather to appreciate the diversity and contribution of each person to the collective knowledge in the field of physics.
http://famousphysicists.org/
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/the-50-most-important-women-in-science
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/ten-historic-female-scientists-you-should-know-84028788/?page=2
Saturday, January 5, 2013
Who is the father of physics?
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