Atticus gives this moral advice to Scout in chapter 3. Prejudice is prominent in Maycomb, and he recognizes the importance of understanding multiple perspectives and sympathizing with others—both as a lawyer and as a human being. Black people living in the town are particularly vulnerable to prejudgment. This is a significant factor that shapes the trial of Tom Robinson, a man falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell, a white woman.
Even Atticus is judged by the town for defending a black man; for instance, Mrs. Dubose tells Jem that his "father is no better" than those he defends.
Bob Ewell is a viciously racist and prejudiced man himself, yet his family is largely ridiculed and alienated by the town for their impropriety and poor status.
Lastly, the town is critical of Boo (Arthur) Radley, who is frequently the subject of gossip. Boo Radley is considered unusual, never leaves his house, and has become a subject of fear. In the end, Boo Radley saves Jem and Scout from an attack by Bob Ewell, and the children discover that Boo is a kind, misunderstood man.
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