What was the role of technology in economic growth in the late nineteenth century?

Technology helped transform America in the late-nineteenth century. The changes revolutionized transportation, communication, urban life, and even recreation.
The railroads came into their own in the late-nineteenth century. They became suitable for transportation and shipping. Air brakes and sleeper and dining cars be came available. Uniform rail sizes reduced the number of stops requiring a change in trains. These improvements were a boon to commerce; however, monopolies became a problem, and the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was created to regulate railroads.
Technology also helped cities grow. The construction of skyscrapers was made possible by the use of steel in construction and the invention of elevators in the late nineteenth century. Electricity replaced candles and indoor plumbing was developed. Communication became easier with Alexander Graham Bell's telephone and the rise of the modern newspaper. Several cities started to develop public transportation systems (such as cable cars). The rise of cities enabled the nation to move from an agricultural society to an industrial one. Commerce flourished as a result.
The invention of the bicycle was also responsible for major changes in cultural and recreational habits. Women's and men's fashion changed to accommodate bicycle riding, and couples even rode bikes during courtship.
These technological advances had a profound impact on America in the late nineteenth century.