What is government?

Government refers to the institutions and/or people who rule the residents of the region in question. Governments control the interactions of people within a society by setting and enforcing policies. As sovereign powers, governments are the highest level of authority over the people within their dominion. Societies establish certain forms of government depending on their ideologies regarding the purpose of government. Governments may be created in order to promote the public welfare, or they may be created in order to achieve and maintain power and control over a geographical area and its population. The rules and procedures outlining the function of a government may be specified in a governing document, such as a constitution.
Various forms of government have existed throughout history, including democracy, republic, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and dictatorship. A democracy is a type of government where individual citizens have a say in the laws and regulations that govern them. In a republic, citizens elect leaders to perform the functions of government. A monarchy is headed by a king or queen, usually descended from the royal family, who has ultimate authority. Aristocracies are ruled by a group of elite citizens, usually based on bloodline, and oligarchies are similar in that a few people exercise authority over the citizenry. Dictatorships are ruled by one person, often a military leader or strong man, whose decisions are absolute; meaning that a dictator is the first and only power in a dictatorship.
An ancient but nevertheless fascinating look at the rationale behind government is provided in Plato's Republic. Socrates holds a discussion with several students about how the ideal society is formed. The discussion shows that, as a society grows larger, its increased interactions among its own citizens and with other societies necessitates a governing body to expedite the functions of the culture. Interestingly, in the Republic, the character of Socrates suggests that the best government would be ruled by a philosopher-king, a type of government that never really materialized to any significant degree.
https://thelawdictionary.org/government/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-system/The-structure-of-government