What technologies did Genghis Khan use?

Genghis Khan, also known as Temüjin, was the ferocious leader of the Mongolian Empire. The empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Caspian Sea, creating the largest contiguous land empire that the world has ever seen. Many historians have wondered why the Mongols were so successful at conquering land and defeating enemies. Surprisingly, the answer is relatively simple: their technological innovations, particularly the stirrup, made them unstoppable. Other advanced technologies they used included the composite bow, flaming arrows, lightweight and flexible body armor, lightweight sabers, and trebuchets. Apart from this use of advanced technologies, Genghis Khan also used more primitive—yet creative—methods of intimidation and terror that helped him to spread his empire.
Many historians believe that the Mongols invented the stirrup, giving them a huge advantage on the battlefield with enemies. Mongolian stirrups were constructed as one thick metal piece with an open loop for the saddle strap on top and a wide footrest at the bottom. Using stirrups with saddles while riding a horse allowed the Mongols to ride in a way that their competitors could not. Skilled riders could stand upright with their feet affixed tightly in the stirrups as a horse rode, allowing them to ride without using their hands. Being able to twist and turn on the horse was a great advantage when using a saber or bow and arrow. A warrior could shoot their bow while facing backwards, hanging off of one side of their horse, or standing up. Because of this technique, Mongol warrior cavalries could gallop into battle and fight with amazing dexterity and agility.
Composite bows and flaming arrows were also huge advantages in battle. Mongolian recurved composite bows were strung against their natural curve, which gave the weapons a naturally strong pull and accurate shot. These bows were far more precise than European bows of the time period. The arrows Mongols carried in their quivers were also better than their competitors'. They often used flaming arrows, which contained gunpowder. These would explode upon impact and make loud noises, frightening and burning opponents.
Another technological advantage the Mongols had was their lightweight armor. Horses and warriors wore lightweight and flexible chain mail or leather armor that allowed for maximum movability in battle. Warriors wore shirts of tightly woven silk under their armor to protect them from arrow punctures. Because they put their horses in body armor, they could use their animals as shields as well.
Mongolian lightweight saber swords allowed soldiers to slash with ease as they twisted and turned on their horses in skirmishes. Because the sabers were light, they could easily be used with one hand. Some warriors also had lances, allowing them to hook and grab enemies. Additionally, the Mongols adopted advanced trebuchet technology from the Chinese. A trebuchet is a machine similar to a catapult. Trebuchets launched heavy projectiles forward, allowing the Mongols to attack walled cities. This contributed to Kublai Khan's 1273 victory in the Battle of Xiangyang, Korea.
Creative methods of intimidation and terror helped Genghis Khan spread his empire, too. Legend has it that, when the Mongols invaded a territory, they killed the entire population and then murdered the leader by pouring molten silver into his ears and eyes. Genghis Khan was also known to boil generals alive in massive vats of scorching water when they disobeyed him. Lastly, and perhaps most disturbing of all, is that the Mongols were known to use rape as a method of warfare. Genealogists estimate that Genghis Khan has up to sixteen million male descendants, having fathered thousands of children as he raped women throughout Europe and Asia.
http://genghiskhan.fieldmuseum.org/explore/photo-gallery/weapons

https://arstechnica.com/science/2017/05/the-mongols-built-an-empire-with-one-technological-breakthrough/

https://www.diplomacy.edu/resources/books/reviews/genghis-khan-and-making-modern-world