Tuesday, October 4, 2016

How are women treated in "A Rose for Emily" by William Faulkner, "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin, and "Barn Burning" by William Faulkner?

In "The Story of an Hour" by Kate Chopin, the main character, Louise Mallard, is a woman who has been oppressed in her marriage and perhaps infantilized by the society that surrounds her. When her sister, Josephine, breaks the news to her of her husband's death, her husband's friend Richards hovers nearby, apparently waiting to step in to take care of things. She is, in fact, referred to as Mrs. Mallard in the story until after she has an epiphany while alone in her room. She is afterward called Louise, and she symbolically claims her freedom and identity until her husband unexpectedly walks back through the door, with Richards in place to try to spare her the shock. She never achieves the independence she so deeply desires.
In William Faulkner's "Barn Burning," Abner Snopes's wife, her sister, and the Snopes's daughters are noted only for their obedience to Abner's demands that they perform the labor that keeps the family together. The women have no agency in a world dominated by Abner's chronic resentment and anger. The Snopes's daughters are described in terms of livestock. They will be tolerated, but not beloved. They are presented as a drag on the family's precarious finances and as surly as their mean-spirited father. They perhaps haven't lived long enough to be as resigned as their mother and aunt.
In William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily," Emily Grierson is tolerated by a community that views her as an anachronism. When the town officials see that she cannot be reasoned with regarding her tax liability, she is largely left alone, as if they are simply waiting for her to die and take her notions of faded Southern gentility with her. She is a relic of a bygone era but expects that the town will take care of her the way her father did by honoring the agreement he made years before with regard to his taxes. Emily Grierson prevents Homer Barron's planned abandonment because she will not allow the town to see her as a woman scorned, not realizing that a new day has dawned in the South and society is not likely to care about her marital status.
The commonality of the presentation of women in these three works of American literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is that the women are all in some way objectified. They are treated as dependent children, sources of domestic labor, or social standard-bearers, but none have the opportunity to forge their own independent identities. Louise Mallard is on the cusp of independence and might have been able to make it on her husband's inheritance if he had indeed died. Because the Snopes women are close to penniless, they have little hope of prospering on their own. Until her death, Emily Grierson is able to live independently but reclusively on her inheritance. It is arguable that none of the women in these stories has true self-determination.

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