The main social function of referring to things as "magic" is to explain what we do not understand and, therefore, what we are likely to fear. There are any number of historical examples involving hysteria over witches and wizards started by people very much like the Dursleys. The Puritans of Salem in 1692 were very much the same type of suspicious zealots and were also motivated largely by fear of the unknown.
There is no doubt that the Dursleys are angry and spiteful in their attitude toward Harry—a continuation of their dislike of his parents—but anger is very often an expression of fear (which is why tolerance is so difficult when one is afraid). The Dursleys' elemental fear of the unknown and of the very real dangers in the magic world is compounded by their concern over their reputation in the neighborhood with other Muggles. Moreover, both parents and son are obviously cowardly by nature, meaning that fear is particularly difficult for them to withstand.
In Harry Potter and the Sorceror’s Stone, Harry’s aunt and uncle treat him with cruelty, hiding him away in a closet under the stairs. The Dursley’s cruelty toward Harry can be attributed in part to their fear of being seen as different. The first chapter of the book opens with the statement. “Mr. and Mrs. Dursley, of number four, Privet Drive, were proud to say that they were perfectly normal, thank you very much. They were the last people you'd expect to be involved in anything strange or mysterious, because they just didn't hold with such nonsense.” Harry’s potential for magic scares them because it marks him, and them by association, as different from others.
Their cruelty is also an attempt to drive the magic out of Harry. They think that if they can mistreat him consistently, they will somehow stop the expression of his magic. Vernon says, "Didn’t we swear when we took him in we’d stamp out that dangerous nonsense?" To that end, they assign him the family chores, house him in a closet, verbally mistreat him and clearly favor their son over Harry.
Fear of differences is common and, perhaps, the basis for racism. Fear can be so strong that it blocks out rational thought, allowing it to take precedence over logical reasoning. The Dursley’s flight to a shack on a rock in the middle of a rainstorm isn’t a logical way to avoid Hagrid and the arrival of magic into their lives, yet Mr. Dursley is incapable of thinking rationally in the face of his fear.
When Petunia Evans first discovered that her sister Lily had magical powers, her first reaction wasn't fear—it was jealousy. However, after marrying Vernon Dursley, she began to share his obsessive desire to be seen as absolutely ordinary, and as the perfect example of neighbors.
Fear drives a number of the Dursleys' actions towards Harry. Initially, it drove them to make him live in the cupboard under the stairs. Later, however, it was their fear of Hagrid that forced them to allow Harry to go to Hogwarts, and fear of Harry's growing magical powers that forced them to give him Dudley's second bedroom. With specific reference to Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, it was fear, and not anger, that made them lock him in his bedroom after Dobby's unfortunate appearance at a dinner party.
As human beings, we are naturally afraid of the unknown, and this fear can confront us when faced with people different to us. Fear could make us want to avoid somebody or malign them, rather than show tolerance and understanding.
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