I won't write an entire research paper on this topic, and I can't provide you with examples to analyze for your life, but I can provide a brief overview of my own experiences with the concepts and hopefully that can encourage some reflections about your own experiences with these ideas.
Transference is the idea that a client, or another individual since I am not a registered counselor or psychologist, transfers the feelings and emotions they have about another person, such as a parent, sibling, or significant other, onto you as the counselor or aide. I acted as a shoulder to lean on for many of my friends throughout high school and college, and I experienced transference, particularly when dealing with their relationships. Often times, when discussing relationship issues, I would lend a listening ear or act as devil's advocate to try and give a comprehensive look at the situation. Doing this, my friends would frequently respond to me as if I were the other party - either reacting angrily because I was taking their side or venting the feelings they wished they could express to the other individual. This would actually typically be very helpful because I would act as a sounding board and help them to get out their pent up emotions or help them to understand the other person's side in the situation, which would help them make amends or understand where the other person was coming from.
Countertransference is the opposite idea, when I, as the aide, reacted and placed my feelings about the situation back on the other individual. Because I'm not a trained psychologist by any measure, I would frequently offer my own advice and opinions on the matter at hand. Occasionally, especially if the subject at hand was something important to me - such as a close friend or family member, I would express my emotions, either anger or displeasure, about their complaints. Sometimes this was helpful - such as when I offered advice, but many times, especially when I got emotional, it was detrimental to the situation.
So, in my opinion, transference can frequently be a positive experience for the client. However countertransference is much more tricky because it can be detrimental as often as it can be helpful.
Based on your prompt, it looks like you've been tasked with writing about your personal experiences regarding transference and counter-transference.
First, we'll discuss the meaning of both concepts. Transference refers to the behavior of transferring past emotional reactions to the present. We can approach this from a patient/therapist relationship. Let's say that a patient consistently reacts with irritation, contempt, and even rage at his therapist's suggestions for healing. To the patient, his therapist reminds him of his overbearing mother, so he reacts to her accordingly. This is called negative transference.
The therapist, for her part, may not be acting in an overbearing manner. However, the patient, his perception colored by his past, continues to superimpose his feelings toward his mother onto her.
For a different example, let's say the therapist reminds the patient of his beloved grandmother. By extension, he might end up relating to his therapist as a confidant of sorts. Although this is positive transference and appears seemingly benign on the surface, his continued inability to separate his past perceptions from those of the present may impede his own healing process.
Counter-transference refers to how a therapist transfers their own past emotional reactions to the present. They may react to a patient based on their own past perceptions and reactions.
For example, let's say a patient confesses an affair with a former therapist, someone the current therapist knows. The therapist, who is in the throes of a counter-transference reaction, may voice strong words of outrage. Perhaps he himself is secretly attracted to the patient but refuses to admit his true feelings. Here, the therapist's inability to be objective actually hurts the patient's ability to transcend her trauma.
So, how can we apply all of this to your personal life? One way is to consider your relationship with authority figures in your family, school, or neighborhood. Take a teacher, for instance. An example of positive transference can center on how you perceive Educator A to be more patient than Educator B. Why? Educator A reminds you of a favorite aunt, neighbor, or relative. She even gestures and intones her words similarly. When you struggle with a concept, she doesn't belittle you or make you feel inadequate. She takes the time to explain and expound upon examples to help you reach a place of understanding. So, you relate to her positively. This is called positive transference.
What about negative transference? Let's say Educator C reminds you of an impatient aunt, who never fails to voice her disdain for you whenever you meet. To this day, you have a strained relationship with her. Something about Educator C reminds you of this aunt. As a result, you react accordingly when you have any sort of interaction with Educator C. This is called negative transference.
What about counter-transference? Let's say Educator C also has her own issues with you. Hers, however, originate from her past experiences with a student from your ethnic, social, or economic background. The student never turned in his work on time, and when he did, the results were shoddy at best. Often, the student was rude and uncooperative in class. Although you may not display all of the characteristics above, Educator C still treats you poorly. This isn't something you can help. Still, Educator C's lack of objectivity continues to erode your respect for her.
The prompt says that you can discuss transference, counter-transference, or both. You can also discuss these in terms of the positive or the negative. My suggestion is to choose to discuss one or the other (either positive or negative), rather than both.
Regardless of your choice, remember to have a clear thesis statement. Perhaps you can approach your thesis from the standpoint of how positive or negative transference/counter-transference affected your life and the steps you took to resolve challenges.
Ultimately, reinforce the importance of separating the past from the present and using one's experience as a vehicle to learn better ways of coping with life's challenges.
https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychpedia/countertransference
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