The American colonies settled by the British were overwhelmingly founded on the premise that they would be Christian territories. The United States, however, was founded with the idea of protecting religious freedom.
As we know, colonies such as Plymouth and the Massachusetts Bay Colony were founded as distinctly Puritan religious havens for groups of English Dissenters who did not want to be part of the Church of England. They did not practice religious freedom. A colony such as Virginia was founded on the premise that the Church of England (Christianity) would be the state religion. Throughout the British colonies, on the whole, Protestantism was the assumed religion, though many of the colonies allowed degrees of religious freedom and easily tolerated Roman Catholics and Jews.
Pennsylvania, in contrast to the Massachusetts Bay Colony, was founded by Quaker William Penn with the idea that it would grant religious freedom to persecuted groups from all over, not simply Quakers.
When the colonies broke away from Great Britain and formed the United States, they could have, as was done in Britain, mandated a state religion, but they chose not to do this and instead enshrined the idea of the separation of church and state. While the Constitution does not use the phrase "separation of church and state," the Second Amendment to the Constitution clearly has that intent. From the start, the United States decided it would not persecute people who did not follow a certain faith.
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