Analyze the impact of the Supreme Court and protest movements by activists with respect to progress made during the modern civil rights movement of the 1950s and '60s.

The modern civil rights movement in the United States is widely regarded to be the most prolific example of democratic change in action in history. The movement captured the attention of a national audience at home as well as governmental officials abroad. The lasting effects of the efforts of leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., President Lyndon Johnson, activists, and even the Supreme Court justices themselves all served to promote and foster social progress. Many Supreme Court decisions in particular accomplished the activists's mission.
For instance, in the US Supreme Court's decisions in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) and Brown v. Board of Education II (1955), the Court prohibited racial segregation of the public schools and also issued a remedial decree that hastened the process of desegregation, respectively. In Bailey v. Patterson (1962), the Court proscribed racial segregation of interstate and intrastate transportation facilities. In Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Court promulgated that any state laws which prohibit interracial marriage are unconstitutional. In Jones v. Mayer Co. (1968), the Court ruled that federal law prohibits racial discrimination in the sale or rental of property in any public or private transaction. All of these landmark decisions advanced the mission of the modern civil rights movement.
Contrary to popular opinion, the modern civil rights activism which led to the passage of civil rights legislation actually began in the 1950s under the Administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was passed in response to growing progressive sentiment, and it established the Civil Rights Commission. The Civil Rights Act of 1960 (which also passed while Dwight Eisenhower was president) provided federal inspections of local voting procedures. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided for a sweeping prohibition of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin in federal and state governmental policies and public accommodations. The Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, creed, or national origin.
Activist protest movements exerted pressure on political leaders to effect change, and in response to their inspired constituencies, the pieces of legislation which passed in the 1950s and 1960s were products of those movements.