Millard Fillmore (1800–1874) is best known for his presidency (1850–1853) during the sectional crisis involving the North and the South in the years before the Civil War. He became president after the death of Zachary Taylor.
Fillmore, like Abraham Lincoln, came from a poor family and had little formal education. Both men read law in their spare time and eventually were admitted to the Bar Association.
Fillmore's political career took off in the 1830s, when he joined the Whig party and served in the U.S. Congress. He ran for governor of new York in 1844 but lost a close election. By this time, he had become a prominent figure among Whigs and became vice president under Zachary Taylor in 1849.
Upon becoming president in 1850, he tried to hold the country together. He did not support slavery, but he supported the Compromise of 1850, which postponed the Civil War for ten years, and it ruined Fillmore's political career and the Whig party. The Fugitive Slave Act, which was part of the Compromise, required the North to return runaway slaves. Fillmore's support of the Fugitive Slave Act made him extremely unpopular in the North. As president, Fillmore opened Japan to foreign trade and lowered postal rates, but the sectional controversy dominated his time in the White House.
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