In the first line of the poem, Smith personifies the mists, or vapors, by describing them as "brooding." The word "brooding" implies that the mists are deep in thought, and maybe anxious or angry. By personifying the mists, Smith also suggests that the elements are alive, emotional, and, therefore, all the more ominous and dangerous.
Throughout the poem there is also a semantic field of language connoting darkness and foreboding menace. For example, the night is described as "dark and mute," there is a "repercussive roar" intermittently interrupting the silence, and a "black shadow" looms over the entire scene.
Smith also emphasizes the isolation of the sailors, and, therefore, their exposure to danger, in the alliterative phrase, "Of rocks remote," and also in words like "mute" and 'distant." These descriptions suggest that the sailors are isolated in a vast, ominous silence, and a ubiquitous and impenetrable darkness.
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