Not long after he had arrived in the United States from his native England, with the help of Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine unleashed a stunningly eloquent seventy-seven word pamphlet, titled "Common Sense", in January of 1776. It would serve as a clarion call to the American colonies to free themselves from the yoke of British tyranny, rather than merely seek to negotiate improved terms of subjection to the rule of King George III, which still remained the goal of a large number of fence-sitting colonists.
The pamphlet's plain-spoken message of individual empowerment spread like wildfire throughout the colonies, being read aloud wherever people gathered: in taverns, in public halls, and on street corners. George Washington ordered Paine's words read aloud to his frozen, exhausted troops, as a source of inspiration. And no less than than John Adams, while demurring from the radical tenor of many of Paine's ideas, readily acknowledged that, "Without the pen of the author of 'Common Sense', the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain."
This momentum for independence continued to grow in the few months leading to the appointment of the Committee of Five by the Second Continental Congress, including Adams, and Paine's prescient patron, Franklin, in June of 1777, to draft a resolution of independence from Great Britain. This resolution, written by Thomas Jefferson, is known as the Declaration of Independence.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/10/16/the-sharpened-quill
In early 1776, Thomas Paine, a recent English immigrant living in Philadelphia and working as a journalist, anonymously published a pamphlet called “Common Sense.” In it, he argued that the American colonies should declare their independence from Great Britain, whose system of government (based on the monarchy and Parliament) Paine saw as hopelessly flawed.
“Common Sense” became an instant bestseller in the American colonies. Before its publication, many colonists, and even members of the Continental Congress, had assumed that reconciliation with Britain was the ultimate goal of the armed rebellion that had begun in Massachusetts in the spring of 1775. “Common Sense” helped to convince the public, as well as the founding fathers, that America needed to declare its independence from Great Britain altogether.
Within seven months of the publication of Paine’s pamphlet, the Continental Congress had appointed a committee including Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and others to draft a document stating the colonists’ grievances against King George III and declaring their independence from Britain. This Declaration of Independence, written by Jefferson, was presented to the entire Congress for debate on June 28, 1776, and adopted six days later, on July 4.
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