According to the chapters for this unit, what factors contributed to European economic growth between 950 and 1100? What is the relationship between economic growth and political power (e.g., technology, improved agriculture, rise of medieval towns)? According to the textbook, how did Feudalism contribute to the rise of "national monarchies" in England and France? Finally, what role does the Crusading movement play in the reforming Church of the eleventh century?

You are asking a lot of questions here, so I will try and summarize/synthesize all of these topics as best I can.
As the fourteenth century began, several things happened that contributed to Europe becoming stronger. The Roman Empire had fallen, but Europe managed to recoup from the impacts of its decay. Furthermore, dangers from invading peoples (e.g., the Vikings, the Magyars, and the Muslims) were ebbing. All of these events helped lead to Europe's rise in terms of its military and monetary power as well as its statesmanship.
Struggles had most certainly been present along the path to this major change concerning Europe's ascendancy, but, as a whole, the region prevailed. However, without the agricultural revolution and technological/mechanical leaps, the rise of Europe may not have been possible. As it were, the generation yield of crops was revolutionized and modernized across (at least parts) of England, France, and some of Germany. This allowed peasants and lords to acquire a more prominent crop yield from the land, resulting in greater feasibility of city and town prosperity and allowed for the support of larger populations. The system of serfdom was the common organizing principle for land ownership at the time, although the serf's life was often unforgiving.
Concerning the First Crusade, Pope Urban II's announcement at Clermont in 1095 worked to initiate the military drive to dispel Muslims (considered "infidels") from the Holy Lands in the Middle East. Europeans approached the Crusades with high hopes; however, they were not an absolute example of military or religious achievement. In hindsight, the Crusades are considered more of a catalyst for continued animosity and the outright "holy war" between Christians and Muslims.
Finally, feudalism was the system gradually instituted to bring a certain level of order to what had been a divided and fragmented region of Europe. Feudalism was a social system that at once included military, political, and financial systems. New monarchies began to be established in England, France, Germany, and Spain, largely due to the citizens' acceptance of and participation in the feudal system. People in Europe were expected to pledge fealty to their respective lords, ladies, and higher ranking members of the aristocracy; living up to that pledge was important, and in most cases, ultimately required by custom.
Works Cited
Coffin, Judith et al. Western Civilizations: Their History & Their Culture. 17th ed., W. W. Norton & Company, 2011, pp. 241-274.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Middle-Ages