Compare and contrast the views of America as set out in Barack Obama’s 2004 speech to the Democratic National Convention and Donald J. Trump’s First Inaugural Speech. What themes do each present? How do they differ in their view of America? What essential values of democracy are celebrated or contradicted by the speeches?

President Obama's 2004 speech to the Democratic National Convention reads like a long but unfinished story. In contrast to Trump's frequent emphases on the ability for America to be perfect, supreme, and wise, Obama depicts America as an eternally unfinished project that advances along an arc that, in the words of Martin Luther King Jr., "bends toward justice." He notes that the American economy has been crippled by the avarice and recklessness of the elite classes and laments the systemic alienation of the individual lives and welfare of citizens from the political process. He acknowledges the plight of people whom the American government has historically disenfranchised and yet refuses to build back up. Yet, his rhetoric remains generalizable, neither explicitly nor implicitly addressing any political party or spending time appealing to the audience that voted him into office. Unlike Trump, he exhibits a reluctance to cut down his opposition, sticking instead to the theme that people are much more united than they are opposed.
President Trump's inaugural address in 2017 shares with Obama's speech a strong appeal to national pride. However, while Obama celebrates an America that is empowered by diversity, openness, and justice, Trump's extolment of national pride is delivered through the white nationalist and protectionist rhetoric of American populism. He redoubles on his campaign's conservative thesis that the ideal America exists somewhere in the past and must quickly be "returned" to. In mostly negative words, he depicts an America that has fallen from its natural primacy and reneged on its competitive, aspirational, and capitalist values. Unlike Obama, Trump spends time appealing to his loyalist base and disparaging his opposition.

How is Macbeth’s ambition bad in the play?

Macbeth and his ambition is definitely a source of discussion from this Shakespeare play. I would not go so far as to say that all of Macbeth's ambition is bad, evil, etc. I think it would actually be a negative trait if Macbeth (or anyone) had zero ambition. What is bad about Macbeth's ambition is that it is unrestrained ambition.
Macbeth begins the play as a well-known, well-liked, and wealthy thane. His battlefield exploits causes him to be promoted to Thane of Cawdor. He is happy about this, but the promotion does remind him of what the witches predicted. They said that he would one day be king, and now Macbeth is one step closer to the throne. Like any normal human being, he considers what being king would be like. He desires the throne, and most other men in his position would also desire it. What becomes burdensome to Macbeth is that he envisions a pathway to get him to the throne in a shorter amount of time if he takes certain actions. Again, there is really nothing wrong with that information. The problem is that his shortcut to the throne involves committing regicide. Assassination and murder are morally corrupt actions, yet Macbeth's ambition and desire for the throne cause him to seriously consider going through with the plan. His ambition is bad because it is stronger than his moral compass.
To be completely fair to Macbeth, he does decide to not kill Duncan. Macbeth knows it is wrong, and he knows that Duncan is a good king as well. Macbeth tells Lady Macbeth that he will have no more to do with killing Duncan, and Lady Macbeth goes into one of the greatest speeches in all of Shakespeare.

What beast was't, then,That made you break this enterprise to me?When you durst do it, then you were a man;And, to be more than what you were, you wouldBe so much more the man. Nor time nor placeDid then adhere, and yet you would make both:They have made themselves, and that their fitness nowDoes unmake you. I have given suck, and knowHow tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me:I would, while it was smiling in my face,Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as youHave done to this.

She berates and insults Macbeth, and eventually he changes his mind and goes through with the murder. I'm not 100% convinced that Macbeth kills Duncan out of sheer ambition or fear of his wife or some other reason, but I am convinced that his unrestrained ambition is what leads him to continue having people killed after he obtains the throne.

Name and discuss one key element of national and international cooperation on airport security since 9/11, and include pros and cons of each.

In the United States, the most important change in airport security after September 11, 2011, was the creation of a new federal agency, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), as a result of the passage of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. Before then, only about five percent of bags were screened, as compared to 100 percent afterward. The heightened screening is generally considered the most successful element of TSA procedures. Disadvantages of TSA screening include the additional cost added to airfares and increased incidents of racial, religious, and ethnic profiling.
On the international level, the creation of the Department of Homeland Security restructured immigration-related policies and practices. The changes included new visa application procedures and reduction in numbers of immigrants from specific countries; the latter can be viewed as a pro or con of the practices.
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/911-to-now-ways-we-have-changed

What key role does the novel Kanthapura play in the theories of reading postcolonial literature?

Kanthapura plays a key role in the reading of theories of postcolonial literature by consciously demarcating a literary space for native anti-colonial voices through a subversive mixture of deference and disobedience. The postcolonial Kanthapura consciously adopts a stance where the native appears to observe the normative and semantic requirements of colonial discourse (use of English, for example) but subverts the foundational assumptions by substituting native voices and viewpoints.
Kanthapura’s writing is, consequently, an example of what postcolonial literary critics call radical mimicry. These critics note that Kanthapura’s colonial vocabulary and form are differentiated by native appropriation in an act of culturally subversive mimicry. Anti-colonial writers transgress the norms of Western literature by inserting non-Western voices and local culture. His story of the impact of Gandhi's ideas on the inhabitants of a rural Indian village is told in English. The author knows English cannot convey the tempo and cadence of Indian speech, so he adopts the English to his own Indian postcolonial purpose.

What language techniques are in the quote "It’s never an insult to be called what somebody thinks is a bad name. It just shows you how poor that person is, it doesn’t hurt you"?

One language technique employed in this quote is the use of second person pronouns. By using the personal pronoun "you," the speaker is using direct language to make the quote personally relevant to his or her listener. The use of the pronoun "you" is different from "him" or "her" or "one" because it makes the meaning of the statement specifically important to the person listening.
Another language technique is alliteration, which is the repetition of the sound of beginning letters in words. The repetition of the "p" sound in "poor" and "person" emphasizes two very important words in the quote. The focus of the quote is in these two words, and the alliteration draws attention to the meaning of the words.
One last language technique is hyperbole, or literary exaggeration. The speaker of this quote uses the word "never" in a hyperbolic way to instruct the listener to treat insults casually so to feel less hurt by them. "Never" is a strong word to use in any situation, but in this case, its strength is intended to capture the attention of the listener.

Compare and Contrast Bob's and Jimmy's characters in "After Twenty Years."

Although Bob and Jimmy used to be close friends back in the day, on the face of it, it doesn't seem like they have a whole lot in common anymore. "Silky" Bob, as he's known, has carved out a successful career as a criminal, which enables him to enjoy the trappings of wealth, such as fine clothes. Jimmy, on the other hand, has become one of New York's finest, dedicated to ridding the Big Apple of criminals like his former friend.
Another notable difference between the two men is that Bob, unlike Jimmy, is quite ambitious. A restless soul, he headed out West to seek his fortune, making his name as a career criminal. Jimmy, on the other hand, couldn't be dragged away from his home town, which is why Bob is certain that his old pal will turn up for their long-planned reunion at Big Joe Brady's in New York.
This leads us to one striking similarity between Jimmy and Bob: they both value their friendship enough to make good on that commitment they made some twenty years previously. Though their lives in the meantime may have taken radically different paths, they clearly still retain good memories of their younger days, when they were such good friends. And though one may be a career criminal and the other a cop, they both place a high value on friendship.

Although Bob and Jimmy were best friends as boys, as adults they became two very different types of men. They were both from New York City, and they were only two years apart in age, with Jimmy being two years older. As young men of eighteen and twenty, they hadn't yet decided upon their respective career paths. Both felt equally committed to their relationship and so agreed to meet in twenty years to compare notes. Each of them remains true to that promise and arrives at the appointed meeting place at the appointed time.
Even at the time they parted ways, they had some differences. Jimmy thought New York was the best place on earth and never wanted to leave it, while Bob was interested in going west and making his fortune. Twenty years later, they had diverged significantly in their way of life and values. Bob, now known as "Silky Bob," chose a life of crime, which led to his being wanted by the law in Chicago. He became wealthy by competing "with some of the sharpest wits going," but that means he probably tried to outsmart other criminals as well as deceive honest men in order to get his riches. Nevertheless, he is proud of his achievements.
Jimmy Wells, whom Bob describes as always having been a "plodder," became a law enforcement officer. Bob says he "always was the truest, staunchest old chap in the world." This proves to be a correct analysis of Jimmy's character. Jimmy did his best to remain true to their friendship, but he also valued truth and honesty, which meant he had to have his friend arrested. Jimmy seems humble; he doesn't lord it over Bob but sends another officer to take Bob into custody.
Both men are apparently intelligent and clever, but Jimmy proves to have the sharper wit in the end, which allows him to fulfill his "destiny" more successfully than Bob does, since Jimmy will continue his police work while Bob's days as a criminal are presumably over.

You are a hospital social worker and Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun, an older Caucasian couple, came to your attention after Mrs. Calhoun had been hospitalized for dehydration. Her primary care physician found her to be quite confused and delirious during her visit to the doctor's office, so she was sent to the hospital. Mrs. Calhoun had been stable for the past few days, but her age (73) and her confusion had flagged her as an at-risk patient who would need additional attention to develop a discharge plan. The Calhoun’s live in their own home, and their only son lives about 20 minutes away and helps out fairly regularly. The Calhoun's live modestly on their pension and social security. Mr. Calhoun indicated that he wanted his wife discharged to their home because he was quite capable of looking after her. Mr. Calhoun himself did not appear to have any observable limitations in his ability to carry out activities of daily living, although he did look tired. The Calhoun’s son stated he could only check in on the weekends. You are not entirely convinced of Mr. Calhoun's ability to adequately care for his wife—she did after all have to be hospitalized for dehydration. According to the patient's chart, Mrs. Calhoun's confusion still seemed to persist; although, she seemed okay when you spoke to her. The physician and the nursing staff want you to develop a discharge plan fairly quickly. What does your discharge plan include? Do you send Mrs. Calhoun home with in-home services? Do you send her for long-term care? Do you recommend follow up? What services (if any) do you support for Mr. Calhoun and their son?

Mrs. Calhoun has a fairly substantial support group and her dehydration may have occurred simply due to a lack of understanding of the need for water and the common problem of diminished thirst in senior adults. Seniors fail to drink adequate water for various reasons. In addition to not feeling thirsty, they may minimize drinking to avoid the urinary urgency that comes with taking a diuretic. They may minimize fluid intake in the evenings so that they do not have to void multiple times during the night. Mrs. Calhoun's nurse can work to ascertain the issue at play in this case. A discharge planning meeting should include Mr. Calhoun, Mrs. Calhoun, and their son. The nurse should provide education about the need for water and other hydration and also supply written instructions for home use regarding the amount of fluid she needs. The Calhouns should be given a list of symptoms to watch for, such as strong urine, decreased urinary output, confusion, and poor skin turgor.
Mrs. Calhoun's physician likely knows if the Calhouns historically follow his or her instructions and the degree of follow-up she will require. It might be sufficient to have follow-up appointments one week and one month post-discharge to assess her for impending recurrence of dehydration.
Further intervention, if deemed necessary, can include several months of home health care. A home health care registered nurse will go to the home upon discharge and develop a care plan to ensure adequate fluid intake. A nurse or home health aide will then visit the home on a scheduled basis to take Mrs. Calhoun's vital signs, degree of orientation, and monitor her fluid intake, and, possibly, urinary output. A report will be provided to the physician, who can then determine if further services are needed.
It is imperative to adequately balance the Calhouns' independence with Mrs. Calhoun's medical needs. Minimal intervention will likely be adequate to support the couple and avoid further harm to Mrs. Calhoun's health.

In discharge planning, it's important to identify potential caregivers who can assist the patient during the transition process. As a social worker, you understand that Mr. Calhoun wants his wife discharged to their home. However, you must also ensure that he understands all his duties as Mrs. Calhoun's caregiver.
To do that, you will want to engage Mr. Calhoun in the discharge planning process. Prior to the day of discharge, you may decide to have a discharge planning meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun and the couple's son. During the meeting, you will address concerns and questions about Mrs. Calhoun's transition home.
As for whether you should recommend in-home or long-term care for Mrs. Calhoun, that will depend upon her condition. Generally, patients are recommended for long-term care when they need 24-hour supervision due to a physical or mental condition. Long-term care, however, can be provided in a variety of settings: at home, in a nursing facility, assisted living community, or senior retirement home.
As Mrs. Calhoun has already been identified as an at-risk patient, it is important to include either a nurse or physician in the discharge planning meeting. During the meeting, the health care professional can address Mrs. Calhoun's specific medical needs. For example, does Mrs. Calhoun have a condition that requires crucial attention to proper hydration? At this point, you would also determine the level of care Mrs. Calhoun needs on a daily basis.
Here is a checklist to determine this:
1) Does the patient need assistance to bathe, dress, or eat?
2) Does the patient need help to go to the bathroom?
3) Does the patient need help with the housework? You may be able to determine how much Mr. Calhoun can do in this area to assist his wife. Also, information you gather during the meeting will help you determine if the son needs to step up in this area as well.
The attending physician or nurse will be able to answer questions about the patient's condition, which can help you determine what type of medical services Mrs. Calhoun will need as she transitions home. Since the Calhouns live modestly on their pension and Social Security benefits, they may have few personal savings. In this case, they must turn their attention to Medicare.
Be aware, however, that Medicare will only pay for "medically necessary services." Please refer to the Medicare link for a list of such services. Basically, "medically necessary services are defined as those that are needed to diagnose or treat a medical condition."
So, it is important to determine whether Mrs. Calhoun has skilled nursing needs that must be fulfilled by a trained medical professional. This is because Medicare will (for a limited time) cover custodial care (help with personal hygiene or self-care needs) if medically necessary services are also needed. Look for covered preventive services under the "exceptions to the medically necessary requirement" heading at the Medicare link. Also, this link may be useful: What does medically necessary mean in Medicare?
Another helpful link: Does Medicare cover long-term care?
In other words, Medicare will only pay for short-term in-home care (which may include custodial care) if they are ordered by the doctor. Such in-home care must include one or more of these to qualify for Medicare reimbursement: medication follow-up, assistance with rehabilitative exercises, regular vital status checks, wound care, diabetes management services, etc.
Medicare will also pay for short-term rehabilitation services at a facility, if it is ordered by the doctor. The doctor will order these services if the patient needs physical or occupational therapies during the transition process.
To recap, the discharge planning meeting should involve Mr. and Mrs. Calhoun (if possible), the Calhouns' son, and a trained medical professional (either a nurse or attending physician). After the meeting, you should be able to determine whether Mrs. Calhoun needs medical or custodial care, or both.
On the day of the discharge, you must ensure that Mrs. Calhoun's caregivers (in this case, it would be Mr. Calhoun and the couple's son) has the following:
1) A list of medications (doses, when to take them, and how to take them).
2) A date for a follow-up appointment.
3) The contact information for a trained medical professional (such as a physician) if problems arise during the transition process.
4) A list of support services for caregivers. Here is a link for federal programs that support in-home caregivers: the United States Administration for Community Living.
https://elder.findlaw.com/elder-care-law/choosing-a-long-term-care-facility.html