Why do you believe Mrs. Jones was so kind to the boy who tried to steal her purse?

Though she comes across as quite a stern, no-nonsense kind of a person, Mrs. Jones defies our expectations by showing great kindness to Roger. The boy has just tried to steal her purse, but instead of marching him off to the nearest police station, she takes him home, cleans him up, and gets him something to eat.
Mrs. Jones has a lot of life experience, and in her time, she's doubtless come across many youngsters caught up in criminality. But over the years she'll have also come to know the difference between hardcore criminals and those, like Roger, who appear to have been driven to crime purely out of desperation. Just one look at Roger, with his dirty face and his hungered appearance, tells Mrs. Jones that this is a vulnerable child who needs help, not punishment.
At the same time, Mrs. Jones has no intention of interfering in what she gathers is Roger's troubled home life. When she gives the boy $10 it's in the hope—rather than the expectation—that he'll put the money to good use. Mrs. Jones is wise enough to know that Roger's unlikely to change suddenly because someone's just given him some money, but at least she can say that she's tried to set him on the right path in life. What Roger chooses to do with that life is entirely up to him.

Why did Sherlock Holmes ask Watson to whisper "Norbury" in his ear in The Adventure of the Yellow Face?

At the end of the story, Sherlock says to Watson that if he ever gets too confident with a case or too complacent, that Watson should whisper the word "Norbury" in his ear. Sherlock says that he will be "infinitely obliged" to Watson for remembering to do this.
Earlier in the story, Sherlock and Watson are visited by a client who tells them about an empty and mysterious house in a place called Norbury. The client explains that his wife has been visiting this house in the middle of the night, and that after following her one night, he saw a hideous yellow face in one of the windows. Sherlock confidently predicts that the client's wife is being blackmailed by her ex-husband, who, he thinks, is falsely thought to be dead.
However, when they visit the house in Norbury, Sherlock discovers that the truth is quite different. The yellow mask is worn by the wife's black child, born of her relationship with her ex-husband. Because of racist attitudes at the time, the wife feels that she must hide the child away from the sight of her neighbors.
Thus, when Sherlock asks Watson to whisper "Norbury" in his ear whenever he becomes, in future, too confident with a prediction, he is asking Watson to remind him of this case. He wants to remember his complacency in this case so as not to repeat it in a future case.

Why was Darney rearrested after being released as a prisoner with the help of Lucie and Dr. Manette?

Charles Darnay was rearrested by the revolutionaries when Dr. Manette's old letters from the Bastille were discovered. The letters revealed that the doctor was thrown into the Bastille without a trial when he found out the St. Evermonde brothers were guilty of kidnapping and raping a peasant girl—then of killing her brother when the boy attempted to get revenge. Manette swears a curse against all who belong to the St. Evermonde house—and this includes his son-in-law, Darnay, since he adds "to the last of their race."
Of course, Manette wrote this decades ago, before he came to love Darnay as a son, but these facts do not matter to the revolutionaries. They rearrest Darnay and sentence him to death as vengeance.
This turn of events goes to show how the revolution became more about mindless bloodlust than justice or equality. Dickens portrays the mob as inconstant, praising people as their heroes one day and then guillotining them for treason the next.

What are some phrases which describe the scenery in Lord of the Flies?

From the start, some of the phrases with describe the scenery of flora and fauna on the island sound ominous. For instance, in chapter 1, a boy

was clambering heavily among the creepers and broken trunks when a bird, a vision of red and yellow, flashed upwards with a witch-like cry ...

Creepers, broken, and witch-like are descriptive words which create an unsettling tone. In fact, the word "creeper" is used 38 times in the novel to describe the thick jungle vines, as in

I can’t hardly move with all these creeper things.

In chapter 4, too, the scenery is described in terms of a mirage:

Strange things happened at midday. The glittering sea rose up, moved apart in planes of blatant impossibility; the coral reef and the few stunted palms that clung to the more elevated parts would float up into the sky, would quiver, be plucked apart, run like raindrops on a wire or be repeated as in an odd succession of mirrors.

Words like "strange," "stunted," "plucked apart," and "odd" add to sense of the setting as eery or off-kilter. It also contains "snapping sharks," while the sun is likened to an "angry eye."
In chapter 9, the scenery continues to be ominous and oppressive. For example:

revolving masses of gas piled up the static until the air was ready to explode.

We learn, too, of a "brassy glare" and that nothing "prospered" but flies. There is a sense of foreboding in this description of setting:

Colors drained from water and trees and pink surfaces of rock, and the white and brown clouds brooded.

By the end of the novel, after the huge fire:

the island was scorched up like dead wood

There is much sense of desolation and foreboding in this setting, which reinforces the theme that evil will explode and destroy in a natural, untamed setting.

In the opening chapter, Golding uses descriptive language to give us some idea of what the island looks like but also to foreshadow how the boys will use certain features of the natural landscape for both good and ill.
For example, we're told that the plan trees form "a criss-cross pattern of trunks, very convenient to sit on." The palms also "made a green roof, covered on the underside with a quivering tangle of reflections from the lagoon," thus providing the boys with a natural canopy to shield them from the harshness of the noonday sun.
Golding also refers to the existence of a mountain on the island. Straight away, we start to think how it can be used for a handy look-out to spot rescue ships or plains.
It would seem, then, that everything is set up nicely for the boys to make a pretty decent home for themselves while they wait to be rescued. It's such a pity, then, that they choose instead to degenerate into savagery.

Nobel Prize-winning author William Golding's 1954 novel Lord of the Flies describes the increasing tribalism and violence of a group of British boys who have become stranded on an uninhabited island. Though the text is dialog-heavy, from an early point in the story Golding nonetheless helps the reader visualize the boys' predicament by painting mental images of the land in which they find themselves marooned.
A few examples of phrases which describe the scenery of the island follow.
In chapter 1, Golding offers readers the following image of the island's scenery:

The shore was fledged with palm trees. These stood or leaned or reclined against the light and their green feathers were a hundred feet up in the air.

In chapter 3, Golding describes the flora of the island thus:

Tall trunks bore unexpected pale flowers all the way up to the dark canopy where life went on clamorously.

Chapter 8 finds Golding using an adjective-filled sentence to offer further mental imagery of the boys' surroundings:

Much of it was damply rotten and and full of insects that scurried; logs had to be lifted from the soil with care or they crumbled into sodden powder.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/11101515/Why-Lord-of-the-Flies-speaks-volumes-about-boys.html

In the last chapter of I’m the King of the Castle, what were Kingshaw’s emotions before he committed suicide?

Charles Kingshaw's in a terrible emotional state prior to his tragic suicide. Today is the day that he'll be heading off to school with the loathsome Edmund. Edmund has been bullying Charles for virtually the whole duration of the story, and the two boys being sent to school together will provide this truly horrid little boy with even more opportunities to treat Charles like dirt.
Charles feels trapped and doesn't see a way out. To make matters worse, Edmund slips a threatening note under Charles's bedroom door, telling him that "something" will happen to him. It's all rather ominous, to say the least. Little wonder, then, that Charles feels so utterly terrified at the prospect of such a miserable future that he contemplates taking his own life. In a moment of clarity, Charles realizes that there's only one way he'll ever be able to escape Edmund and that's by killing himself.
It's notable that Charles's final act upon this earth takes place in the wood, the only place where he's ever felt safe or secure. As he approaches the wood, Charles becomes strangely excited; this is his place, the place he knows and understands. Here, well away from Warings, where Edmund is the undisputed king of the castle, Charles is in his element. As he ventures deeper and deeper into the wood, a sense of calm descends upon him before, finally, he makes the journey from this world to the next.

How does divorce affect young children today?

According to various independent psychological studies, divorce can greatly affect the emotional and social growth of children and adolescents, regardless of age.
Firstly, witnessing the separation of parents can confuse a child who does not yet understand the complex dynamics of marriage. Secondly, the legal process of a divorce can take a toll on a child's psyche, causing stress and anxiety. Parents separating can be a source of shame for children, especially teenagers, and they may hide this fact from their peers.
In experiencing their parents' divorce, adolescents may feel a sense of alienation, especially compared to their peers whose parents are still married. Additionally, depending on the court's decision regarding custody, the child figuratively and literally lives between two households.
Divorce can also affect how a child perceives their own relationships when they are older. A child with divorced parents is also more likely to experience divorce themselves later in the future.
https://archive.unews.utah.edu/news_releases/research-suggests-children-of-divorce-more-likely-to-end-their-own-marriages/

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/surviving-your-childs-adolescence/201112/the-impact-divorce-young-children-and-adolescents

What is Elizabeth's reaction to her arrest in act 2?

Elizabeth's reaction to her arrest is very practical. She does not resist, but rather, she tells Mary what will need to be done tomorrow—when to bake and how best to help John—and she gives instructions to John about what to tell their children, so that they will not fear for her or worry in her absence. Elizabeth very clearly tries to be strong and brave, despite her "great fear" (from the stage direction). In fact, she actually says, "I will fear nothing." Although she obediently submits to her arrest, she faces it with strength of spirit and a great deal of courage. She thinks of her children and her household before herself, though she is afraid. When she's taken to the cart, she even submits to being shackled. Perhaps her knowledge that she is truly innocent gives her the strength required to endure such a tragic ordeal.