What is the Lusitania Effect: America's Mobilization against Germany in World War I?

The Lusitania Effect: America's Mobilization against Germany in World War I is the title of an article by Frank Trommler that appears on pages 241-266 of the May 2009 edition of German Studies Review. You can read the full text of the article at the link below.
Here is the article’s abstract:

The sinking of the Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915 became not only a crucial factor for the American entry into World War I, but unleashed an increasingly emotional drive of exclusion in the name of forging a new unity of the American nation. In the broader context the persecution of German Americans reinforced hysteria against socialists and other dissenters for the next half-century. A closer look at the battle for and against German culture reveals it as part of America's battle for its cultural independence, which became a fatal identity test for German Americans but also a challenge to American intellectual elites who maintained strong interest in German modernity and social policies.

Here is a general history of the Lusitania:
The RMS Lusitania was travelling from New York to Liverpool on May 7, 1915 carrying 1900 passengers. Both the British and American governments were aware of Germany’s declaration of unrestricted submarine attacks in British waters. Because of this, the British Admiralty had warned the captain of the Lusitania to exhibit caution and attempt to evade the German forces in the area. The captain did not heed these warnings and the Lusitania was hit by a torpedo and sank near the coast of Ireland.
At the time, the United States was remaining neutral in World War I. However, due to the sinking of the Lusitania, and the subsequent sinking many other American liners and other boats carrying Americans, the public opinion in America became decidedly anti-German. The United States officially entered the war on April 4, 1917. The sinking of the Lusitania is seen as the catalyst to the entrance of the United States into the war.

When Boxer finally succumbs to his poor health, what lie is spread about his care?

Boxer, the strong and loyal horse, is one of the most important members of the rebellion. He develops a codependent dynamic with Napoleon and dedicates himself to the cause. However, Boxer's enthusiasm and work ethic burn out in the end. Whilst rebuilding the windmill, Boxer's lung is damaged from his extreme work effort. Boxer eventually collapses from exhaustion and weakness.
Napoleon decides that Boxer is no longer a valuable asset to his rebellion and growing regime. Boxer, on the other hand, believes that he will be taken care of by Napoleon, whom he states is "always right." However, the naive Boxer does not realize that Napoleon does not reward loyalties and only manipulates animals to increase his power.
Squealer later tells the other animals that Boxer will be transported to a veterinary hospital in town for much-needed care. However, Benjamin, a good friend of Boxer's, read that the van meant to transport Boxer was owned by a slaughterhouse. Boxer also realized his true fate, but it was already too late, as he was unable to free himself from the van.
Later on, Squealer tries to quell the other animals' fury and distrust by explaining that the van was owned by the surgeon and that it was recently purchased from a slaughterhouse, hence the markings on the side of the van. This, of course, is a blatant lie.
Boxer's character and fate are an allegory into how Stalin manipulated the populace in Russia and then discarded them when they were no longer needed. The hardest workers were not rewarded in the end, because all of the rewards went to the dictator and top officials.
Squealer's lies are meant to represent the Stalinist propaganda machine, which tried to deceive the population through misinformation and blatant lies.

What happens when ammonium hydroxide and copper II bromide are combined?

Ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) is a clear liquid, while copper (II) bromide (CuBr₂) is a translucent blue liquid. When these two chemicals are combined, the following reaction takes place:
NH_4OH + CuBr_2 -> NH_4Br + Cu(OH)_2
In this reaction, the products are ammonium bromide (NH₄Br) and copper (II) hydroxide (Cu(OH₂)). The resulting solution is cloudy blue in color, and a blue precipitate is also observed. The precipitate is copper (II) hydroxide.
This reaction is a double-displacement reaction, in which both the species on the reactant side exchange their cations and anions with each other.
The above equation is not yet balanced. To balance it, count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the chemical equation carefully, and ensure that they are the same on the reactant and product sides.
The balanced chemical reaction for the given scenario is:
2NH_4OH + CuBr_2 -> 2NH_4Br + Cu(OH)_2
Hope this helps.

How does Jean Valjean turn his life around after his confrontation with the bishop? Use two quotations for support and commentary.

The last thing the Bishop says to Jean Valjean is

Do not forget, do not ever forget, that you have promised me to use the money to make yourself an honest man.

As we read the rest of Valjean's story, we see how the encounter with the Bishop has influenced him.
Valjean is a poor and homeless guest of the Bishop, yet he robs the holy man. Valjean even comes close to murdering the Bishop before taking the silverware.
The next morning, the Bishop is not fazed by the robbery, and when the police show up with Valjean, the Bishop easily proclaims that he gifted the silverware to the man and hands over the silver candlesticks as well. We can see the effect this has on Valjean simply from his reaction:

Jean Valjean opened his eyes wide, and stared at the venerable Bishop with an expression which no human tongue can render any account of.
...
“Is it true that I am to be released?” he said, in an almost inarticulate voice, and as though he were talking in his sleep.

Valjean does indeed turn his life around.

And as he wept a new day dawned in his spirit, a day both wonderful and terrible.

Valjean confesses his identity when another man is mistaken for him. It would have been easy to let this other man take the fall and let Javert believe he captured the ex-con. Instead, Valjean speaks up. He takes in Cosette, the illegitimate child of Fantine, the prostitute. He raises Cosette and follows her love, Marius, to the barricade, watching out for him and bringing him home. At the barricade, Valjean takes care not to kill, even sparing the life of Javert, who has been hunting him. This is significant because Valjean journeys from almost killing the innocent Bishop to freeing Javert, the man who has caused him trouble.
On his deathbed, Valjean shows us his religious influence in his new life:

"I have one," Jean Valjean replied; and he pointed upwards as though there were some other being present whom he alone could see.

Discuss Janie as a romantic hero in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and one of the romantic heroes of Faulkner’s As I Lay Dying. Explain how these romantic heroes contribute to the meaning of the overall works. What would be a good outline/thesis to go about this prompt?

When using the term "romantic," one means either a figure who is engaged in a love story or one who is on a quest. Because you are asking about Janie in relation to Faulkner's characters, the latter concept seems more appropriate.
Hurston's novel is a bildungsroman, or coming-of-age, novel. Tracing Janie's development from a young girl without a sense of self or a voice, the novel ends with a fully actualized woman who has "been to the horizon" and who has achieved her "pear tree" vision of mutuality. She does this by leaving unfulfilling relationships with Logan and Joe and setting off on a quest with Tea Cake. This quest, like all successful romance quests, involves an eventual return home, with wisdom gained though the journey.
Faulkner's novel also involves a journey, though one that is largely unsuccessful for most of the characters. Somewhat inspired by Homer's Odyssey, this journey to return Addie to her preferred resting place involves similar patterns of desire for fulfillment and obstacles that each character must seek to overcome. A strong parallel to Janie seems hard to make, though one might see the parents—Anse and Addie—both having a successful journey. Addie, though dead, does take revenge on her family, whom she resents, and does end up buried in her home county. Anse does achieve new teeth and a new wife, though at the expense of his children. Neither of these characters experience the growth or self-awareness that Janie does, however.
It does not seem plausible that any of the children in Faulkner's novel gain the kind of wisdom or self-expression anticipated in a quest story, though Faulkner beautifully conveys the inner life and aspirations motivating each. Like Janie and her pear tree vision, each of these characters has a singular quality to their personality that drives them intensely and against all odds.
Both of these novels seem quintessentially American as well, and American literature has a strong romantic element to it. I think a strong thesis statement might address the idea of journey and movement and compare the two works in terms of the quest the characters undertake. I think one might make a case for Faulkner's novel ultimately being a repudiation of the romance quest Hurston presents. Hurston was ultimately a more optimistic writer in terms of opportunities for self-actualization. While Faulkner's novel is actually very funny, it is so in a grim way that traffics in gallows-type humor.

What were the thirteen original colonies and their capitals?

The thirteen colonies were settlements under British rule that spanned the Atlantic coast. They were founded in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and included Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Over time, the capitals of these colonies changed, and many of the original capitals were different than the state capitals we know today.
Jamestown was the capital of Virginia from 1607 to 1699. Then the capital became Williamsburg, from 1699 to 1776.
In the Province of Maryland, St. Mary’s City was the capital from 1632 to 1695. Then Annapolis became the capital, and it still is the capital today.
Philadelphia was the capital of the Province of Pennsylvania.
New Castle was the colonial capital for Delaware Colony.
Elizabethtown was the capital of the Province of New Jersey from 1664 to 1673, and then Perth Amboy and Burlington were known as the capitals from 1702 to 1783.
New York was the capital of the Province of New York.
In the Connecticut Colony, New Haven was a joint capital with Hartford from 1701 until 1776 when Hartford became the capital.
Boston was the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay.
Providence Plantations and Newport were the capitals of the Colony of Rhode Island.
In the Province of New Hampshire, Portsmouth was the capital from 1630 to 1774, and then Exeter became the capital until 1776.
The Province of North Carolina had several capitals during its colonial time: Bath, from 1712 to 1722; Edenton, from 1722 to 1743; Brunswick Town, from 1743 to 1770; and then New Bern, until 1776.
Charleston was the capital of the Province of South Carolina.
Savannah was the capital of the Province of Georgia.

In The Swiss Family Robinson, what did the mother and sons do on day three?

The famous adventure novel The Swiss Family Robinson tells the exciting story of a family (comprised of a couple with their four sons) left alone off the shore of a deserted island when the ship's crew abandons them after a terrible storm. I am assuming that the question refers to day three after reaching landfall from the wrecked ship. On the first day, the family comes ashore on a makeshift raft, erects a tent, prepares a meal, and eats together. On the second day, the father, William, and the oldest son, Fritz, explore for signs of their lost shipmates and gather some coconuts. When they return, the family all eats together.
On the third day, William and Fritz return to the ship to save the livestock and as many supplies as they can manage. On the boat, Fritz feeds the animals that had been left there. He then proposes putting a sail on the small boat that had carried them and works with his father at this task. He and his father then spend the rest of the day loading their raft with supplies, and then they spend the night out on the boat.
Because the story is told in first person by William, we only learn what the mother, Elizabeth, and the rest of the sons (Ernest, Jack, and Franz) did on day three later, after William and Fritz return. On day three, Jack had made a belt for himself and collars for their dogs out of jackal skin. Elizabeth had helped him with the sewing. Those are actually all the details that the text supplies about what the rest of them do on day three, except that Elizabeth says that it was "spent in anxiety about [William and Fritz], and attending to the signals." In other words, most of what Elizabeth, Jack, Ernest, and Franz do on day three is wait on shore and send signals that all is well.
Only on the morning of the fourth day, when William and Fritz are still on the ship, do Elizabeth and the other boys set out for a walk to explore the part of the island on which they landed.