English relations with the Native Americans were complex and could swing between extremes within the various colonies. In Virginia the relationship started off amicably. Without Native America aid, the colonists would not have survived the first two years in Jamestown. However, failure to return the Powhatan hospitality and the refusal to intermarry combined with the English intention to retain their new properties. This led to hostility and the proliferation of skirmishes between the settlers and Native Americans. In other areas, such as the New England colonies, the English had hostile relationships with some tribes and neutral relationships with other tribes; however, most colonists were not well equipped to identify the tribal affiliation of most Native Americans, which ultimately led to hostile relationships with most tribes.
Interestingly, some of the hostility between colonists and Native Americans in the later colonial period may have been driven by anti-Native American propaganda in the earlier period. This propaganda was mostly for the purpose of preventing colonists from leaving settlements and joining Native American tribes. This was an attractive prospect for many colonists, especially men. The early settlements often had difficulty feeding the settlers in the first few years of settlement. Establishing the settlement required a substantial amount of work, and often, the colonists would be under strict control of the colonial leaders. These hardships combined with the relative lack of women in the early colonies led a number of colonists to join tribes in order to have an easier life and potentially a wife.
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