Thursday, February 14, 2019

What is the difference between an American living in a city and an American living in the country according to Letters from an American Farmer?

One of the first works in the canon of American literature, Letters from an American Farmer by French-American J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, is written from the perspective of a fictional narrator, Farmer James, who composes a series of twelve letters to an English gentleman. The work was written during the seven years prior to the American Revolutionary War while the author farmed land in New York. Published in England in 1782, Letters from an American Farmer quickly became popular in Europe and was translated into German and Dutch.
Farmer James finds country life in the Colonies as to be ideal and very beneficial for both mind and body. He experiences great joy in the natural world and marvels at the expansiveness of the land, where there can be a great deal of space between farms, which is often not the case in Europe.
He also finds many positive aspects of "city" life in a Nantucket community of "about 530 houses," where the economy is based primarily on fishing and whaling, which require close cooperation among members of the community. He describes the folk who make their living from the sea as "farmers of the sea" and appreciates the elements of country life blended into the city life, such as fruit frees planted along the streets.
However, Charles Town in the Carolinas represents a lifestyle that the narrator finds disgusting and abhorrent. Here "mankind reap too much, do not toil enough" and place little value on human life. He is horrified by the slavery that is a part of life in this city, especially by a "Negro in a cage" who is left to the elements and devoured by insects and birds. Charles Town is a fallen city and an exportation of European decadence taken to a new level.
The narrator concludes that country life in the American colonies must, of necessity, be linked to city life and that Nantucket provides a fine model for this.

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