What are some examples of satire in Candide?

Candide satirizes or pokes fun at the philosophical concept popular at the time which stated that all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds. Voltaire thought this idea, identified with the philosopher Leibniz, absurd. Therefore, although Pangloss (Candide's tutor) teaches his pupil this philosophy, Voltaire makes sure that Candide's experience proves otherwise. Candide and his friends witness or experience almost every horror that could befall a person, from violence, slavery, and cruelty to hypocrisy and dishonesty. For example, Candide's family castle is taken by the Bulgars, who murder his family and enslave him. Later, he has to watch helplessly as a friend, Jacques, helps save a drowning sailor only to have the sailor do nothing to save Jacques when he falls overboard. In Portugal, Candide and Pangloss are arrested by the Inquisition because Pangloss spoke of his philosophy of optimism, and they expect to be executed.
Candide satirizes organized religion as corrupt and hypocritical. Not only does the Inquisition want to execute Candide and Pangloss for saying the world is good but clergy show themselves to be hypocrites as well. For example, after Cunegonde (Candide's love interest) survives rape, disembowelment, and servitude, she is sold to a Jewish merchant as a sex slave. The Grand Inquisitor of the Roman Catholic Church, who has taken vows of celibacy, then forces the merchant to share Cunegonde with him. Cunegonde, later freed, suspects a Franciscan of stealing her money and jewels. The only place where religion functions well is El Dorado, where there are no priests, and people worship nature.
Candide also satirizes the pursuit of power. It seldom ends well to be ambitious. The realization that powerful Turkish potentates he dined with have now been executed helps push Candide toward embracing a philosophy of turning from the world to cultivate his garden.

There are numerous examples of satire in Candide. Indeed, the whole work is largely a satire on the optimistic worldview so beloved of many of Voltaire's contemporaries. This worldview finds its ultimate expression in the absurd character of Dr. Pangloss, who despite being imprisoned, infected with venereal disease, and almost hanged and dissected, still stubbornly maintains that everything is ultimately for the greater good. Pangloss is a biting caricature of the German philosopher Leibniz, who maintained that God has created the best of all possible worlds. Voltaire thought such a notion absurd, especially in the wake of the massive earthquake that devastated Lisbon in 1755.
In the reaction of the people of Lisbon to that appalling natural disaster, Voltaire sees an opportunity to satirize superstition. Instead of acknowledging the earthquake as a phenomenon of nature, the priests of Lisbon interpret it as a sign of divine wrath, for which human sacrifices must be made. God is angry and can only be appeased by hanging a few heretics, that is to say, those who hold religious opinions in opposition to the official church's teachings. The unfortunate Dr. Pangloss falls into this category and is one of those hanged to make the earthquakes go away. Fortunately, his execution is botched and he lives to fight another day. But his stubborn optimism still remains, as does the unshakable superstition of the spiritual leaders of Lisbon.