The Great Depression of 1929 held dire consequences for the financial, emotional and spiritual well being of German Society.
From 1924 to 1929, Germany's financial well-being was preserved by way of American loans and goodwill.
However, as America began suffering its' own financial devastion with massive unemployment and company shutdowns, this goodwill came to an abrupt end. In fact, America requested prompt repayment of these loans which plunged Germany into the same circumstances i.e massive unemployment and business closures. Additionally, severe austerity measures were meted out by The German Government whereby unemployment benefits were abruptly stopped.
By 1931, these dismal conditions prompted many bank failures and visible panic ensued. Some German citizens fortunate enough to hold savings, lost everything while bank runs became commonplace.
As dire as Germany's financial insolvency, the spiritual and emotional toll on its' citizenry created a visible moral bankruptcy. This moral decay manifested itself via a gradually increasing acceptance of Hitler and The Nazi Party. There was a definite migration away from mainsteam leadership to this radical regime.
Telling, are the comments from American journalists about Hitler I e 'he's a clown.._'some burst out laughing at his jerky hand movements..his shrill voice..and refused to take him seriously.' This is to emphasize the desperation of German Society during this period.
During times of financial hardship, charismatic leaders become popular even if they are buffoons without any leadership experience.
In conclusion, it is clear that The Great Depression had a profound financial, emotional, spiritual and historical impact on German Society.
(Please visit this link for further reading and to provide citation)
https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/03/early-warnings-how-american-journalists-reported-the-rise-of-hitler/254146
The U.S. stock market crash of October 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression had ripple effects throughout the Western world. The impact on Germany was profound. The German economy was progressing at a moderate but steady pace in the mid/late 1920s. With the start of the Great Depression, Germany experienced a sharp drop in national income and industrial production along with a spike in unemployment.
Germany relied heavily on foreign—particularly, American—capital. After the stock market crash, the United States began to pull back capital, including loans that were furnished by the Dawes Plan (1924) and related acts in order to help the Weimar Republic (1918-1933) with reparation payments to France and Great Britain. The withdrawal of capital precipitated a banking crisis in Germany and a lasting economic recession ensued. Furthermore, the economic malaise in major western countries led to a drop in the demand for German exports, which led directly to a drop in production and growing unemployment.
The economic hardships paved the way for the appeal of radical politics and the rise of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party. The political success of the Nazis, beginning with the Reichstag elections of 1930, led to a further withdrawal of capital. As the crisis deepened and emergency measures by the Weimar government failed, more radical solutions became more appealing.
Certain social groups were particularly susceptible to the Nazi Party's message. The youth, for example, were coming of age and trying to establish their careers and families at a time when prospects for doing so were exceedingly bleak. The Nazi message, which squarely placed the blame on the Weimar Republic for all of Germany's problems, appealed to social groups (farmers, professionals, public officials) that badly wanted the crisis to end but saw Marxist socialism as a cultural threat. Anti-Weimar sentiment was strong among these groups, and the Nazis appeared to be offering a viable solution.
No comments:
Post a Comment