In what ways is Tess of the D'Urbervilles a social tragedy, even an industrial tragedy?

Tess of the d'Urbevilles is a social tragedy in that it shows how, at that time in English history, one's fate was inextricably bound up with one's class. Tess may fondly imagine that she has blue blood coursing through her veins, but in actual fact she's trapped by her lowly status in society. Therein lies her tragedy: no manner how hard she struggles to break free from her humble background, she will never be able to do so.
The book is also an industrial tragedy in that it shows how the burgeoning industries of nineteenth-century England do not provide a means of escape for those born and raised on the land; they simply replace one form of crushing poverty with another.
Tess's ancestral land has been scarred by the Industrial Revolution. The land now exists purely and solely as a resource for the growing towns and cities. It is no longer something to be valued in and of itself; it is there to provide goods and commodities for the rapidly expanding urban settlements. That being so, the poor folk of the countryside are caught between a rock and hard place. They can either stay and work the land or move to the towns and cities to toil long, hard hours in the factories. Either way, they'll be exploited and impoverished by the new industrial economy.