Why is Shylock not willing to give 3000 ducats?

From what I can see, you are asking why Shylock isn't willing to lend Bassanio three thousand ducats.
According to the text, there is a reason for Shylock's initial reluctance to part with his money. We can find our answer in act 1, scene 3.
For his part, Bassanio assures Shylock that Antonio will guarantee his loan. However, Shylock personally despises Antonio, on account of the fact that the latter is a Christian and lends money without interest. Shylock believes that Antonio's practice of lending out money "gratis" lowers interest rates in Venice and cuts into his profits. So, Shylock doesn't like the fact that Antonio will be guaranteeing Bassanio's loan.
Additionally, Shylock remembers Antonio's past treatment of him and is still angry about it.

You, that did void your rheum upon my beard
And foot me as you spurn a stranger cur
Over your threshold! Moneys is your suit.
What should I say to you? Should I not say,
“Hath a dog money? Is it possible
A cur can lend three thousand ducats?”



“Fair sir, you spet on me on Wednesday last;
You spurned me such a day; another time
You called me ’dog'—and for these courtesies
I’ll lend you thus much moneys?”


(act 1, scene 3)


So, we can see why Shylock is initially reluctant to lend Bassanio the three thousand ducats: He knows that his despised enemy, Antonio, is the one guaranteeing Bassanio's loan. For his part, Shylock holds a grudge against Antonio and is upset that he must conduct business with his sworn enemy.

I need to pick a musical work from a music genre, and I want to use a children's song. I think I want to use "The Wheels on the Bus" or "Conjunction, Junction, What's Your Function." The genre I would select for these two songs is educational genre; however, I do not know if the educational genre is a true genre. I read "The Wheels on the Bus" as children's folk music, but I do know if that counts as a genre. If it is children's folk, how do I describe the features of children's folk?

Children's music is something of its own genre; however, whichever song you choose will fit into a different musical genre as well. For instance, "Conjunction Junction," being from "School House Rock," is more of a slow rock song, while "The Wheels on the Bus" would fall more into the folk/children's folk category.
Children's folk has the musical elements of a folk song—a long-lasting, well-known melody and lyrical style with traditional instruments (this song can be played on most instruments, but typical variations are usually on piano). It is meant to be both educational and entertaining, which is what qualifies it for a children's song—which incorporates simple rhymes, repetition, and straightforward imagery to help a child learn certain concepts. I hope this helps!

How is family structure presented in The Grapes of Wrath?

The novel begins with a typical patriarchal family structure; that is, man as head of the family, women in secondary roles, and children, of course, at the bottom, with male children being of higher status than females (although age in female children does outrank those of younger male children, if only temporarily).
The men are the first to asses the dire situation. Even though they are the titular heads of household, there is a force greater than themselves: the weather.
Men first:
The men stood by their fences and looked at the ruined corn…
Then women:
And the women came out of the houses to stand beside the men and see if they would break. The women studied the men’s faces carefully, for the corn could go, as long as something else remains.
Then finally, the children:
. . .and the children sent exploring senses out to see if the men and women would break.
Both women and children have a sense of security, modest though it may be, as long as their men are still in charge:
The women do not see the “break” yet and are relieved. The children notice too. Women and children knew deep in themselves that no misfortune was too great to bear if their men were whole.
As the story continues, these divisions will begin to break down. Eventually the family structure that Ma tries to desperately to cling to, is decimated.

Discuss the issue of freedom for lower-caste people versus the upper-caste people of Nepal. You must have a clearly stated, one-sentence, argumentative thesis statement.

The Nepalese caste system creates a society in which the upper-caste people have a vastly greater amount of freedom than the lower-caste people, which limits opportunity and prevents improvement for those in lower castes, showing a fundamental flaw in their system.
The caste system in general has a variety of flaws, including enforcing segregation and discrimination. However, in regards to freedom, the upper castes clearly have a much higher level of freedom than the lower castes, and this creates inequality and an inability to improve. Without the freedom to marry outside your caste or find employ that is more beneficial than your caste typically is involved in, you have no opportunity to move outside of that caste. Essentially, lower-castes are forced into a form of "ethical slavery" wherein their lower-rank and supposed previous bad morality (in a former life) force you to engage in servitude and become a low-class citizen with no chance of rising from that position.

While a caste system continues to exist in Nepal, since the 1960s, discrimination based on caste has been illegal. In practice, however, caste remains a very good indicator of economic success and status, and in many respects, caste is the basis for obtaining well-paid employment and for upward mobility. People from the lowest caste, Dalit, are generally the poorest and are very underrepresented in middle- and upper-class occupations, as well as in Nepal’s government. Many commentators expected the situation to improve after 2008, when the monarchy was abolished in favor of a republic, but widespread conflict has inhibited effective change.
The issue of "freedom" mentioned in the post seems to apply to the question of sustained, caste-based discrimination. There are several ways to approach an essay about this topic. One type of thesis would simply state that caste-based discrimination continues to be a major social problem. Another type of thesis could begin with a similar assertion and then argue that the system is harmful to Nepalese society overall, not merely to lower-caste people. A third type of thesis would focus on the position of the lowest castes and suggest concrete recommendations to improve their position.
https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal/Fall-of-the-monarchy

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/nepal/10248100/As-long-as-Nepal-is-crippled-by-caste-it-shall-remain-an-economic-untouchable.html

Who are the author's intended readers in the short story of "The Incomplete Angler"?

It goes without saying that this short story would appeal to those who enjoy fishing. To be more specific, it is likely to appeal to the type of fisher who doesn't always make a catch but always goes back to try again because they enjoy the sport, even if they are by no means an expert.
It could also strike a chord in the hearts of those who enjoy getting out into the great outdoors and taking part in activities like camping and canoeing.
Over and above this, this story will have resonance with anyone who has ever taken a trip into the wilderness with a friend or family member.
The story provides an abundance of specific concrete detail and would thus be appreciated by readers who enjoy having stories and situations painted for them in vivid strokes.

There a number of folks who may be the intended readers of the short story "The Incomplete Angler." Examples of possible intended readers could be those who enjoy outdoor sporting (particularly fly fishing) those who appreciate reflection on one's childhood, those who relate to stories about father/son relationships and how that shifts from childhood to adulthood, and those who have the money to consistently participate in fly fishing, which is a rather expensive fishing hobby in comparison to other ways of fishing. The story could certainly appeal to an audience who grew up spending time with their fathers in outdoor settings, and who have nostalgia for that relationship and the activities. In the story, the main character must rediscover his skill with fishing. This can be seen as the struggles many experience in flowing from childhood into adulthood and attempting to hold onto/rekindle childhood innocence.

Consider the idea(s) the author develops regarding circumstances that compel individuals to respond. Discuss the idea(s) developed in Night about circumstances which compel an individual to respond.

In Night, Elie Wiesel demonstrates that people more often find themselves compelled to help others when they form relationships with them.
When he works at the warehouse, Elie is paired with a girl who looks Jewish but who is classified as "Aryan." They never speak because she does not know German and he doesn't know French. One day after he takes a beating from Idek, Elie is alone in a corner when this girl comes to him with encouragement:

Bite your lips, little brother . . . Don't cry. Keep your anger, your hate, for another day, for later.

She has been protecting herself by denying her Jewish ancestry, but she risks her safety to help Elie in his time of physical pain. She is able to trust him and is compelled to help because they have been building a relationship, even without words, in their proximity of work. She understands his terrors and his struggles. She can relate to his needs.
Elie and his father help each other through numerous trials because of their intense bond. Once, when Elie refuses to give up his gold crown, Franek takes out his anger on Elie's father, forcing him to march in step, which his father could not do. Each time his father fails this little "test," Franek beats him. Elie's father is compelled to help his son again and again, even through physical pain, because of the relationship they have built.
The inmates are compelled to help each other because they build relationships with each other within the camp. At one point, Elie finds himself at the brink of an inspection; being deemed unhealthy will result in his execution. The other "veterans" of the camp reach out with helpful advice. He should move around before inspection in order to give himself some color. He should never walk—only run, as if he has "the devil at [his] heels." He should never look at the SS.
By following this advice, Elie survives the inspection and lives another day. Such conversation is risky among the prisoners; if they are discovered, the punishments would likely be fatal. However, because they have formed relationships in the camps through shared experiences, they are compelled to help each other.

What stories today would be worthy of record on a tablet of Lapis Lazuli?

I assume that in this question you are referring to the fact that The Epic of Gilgamesh is said to have been recorded on tablets of Lapis Lazuli. If that is the case, the aim of this question is to seek modern stories that could be equated with The Epic of Gilgamesh, which would largely be a matter of opinion.
If the comparison necessitates that the work be an epic poem, there are several phenomenal pieces to consider written as recently as the 20th century, one of the most prominent being written by Louis Zukofsky. The epic poem "A" is a sprawling, ponderous work that weaves the historical and personal with an extensive reference to music throughout.
If the work does not have to be an epic poem, I believe that James Joyce's Ulysses would be an ideal choice. Bringing together the epic and poetic with masterful strokes, it is a work upon which tablets of Lapis Lazuli would certainly not be wasted.