Several possible titles might apply to a talk about Anne Hutchinson, such as “Hero, Not Heretic” or “Puritan Feminist Pioneer.”
Hutchinson became an important teacher as well as a student of theology. Anne Hutchinson’s study of theology in Massachusetts, the Bay Colony, was largely conducted with the blessings of the Reverend Cotton, with whom she and her husband had moved from England. From him, she adopted the Covenant of Grace in preference over the Covenant of Works. This meant that belief in Salvation by the grace of God alone, rather than based on evidence of devotion through works, was a guiding principle. She hosted study groups that were not only attended by women but by men and women together, which was not common at the time. Not only did these become increasingly popular, she also often challenged the views that the men expressed.
Hutchinson’s teachings resonated with many Puritan beliefs, but her outspokenness as a woman earned the wrath of many church fathers. The Reverend Cotton turned against her, saying that her behavior was not appropriate for a wife and that she seemed to act as a husband instead. Although she was a devout Christian, her beliefs were condemned as too unorthodox. Hutchinson was tried for heresy, and the meetings she had held were denigrated for encouraging the promiscuous mingling of men and women. In 1638, Hutchinson was excommunicated and banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony; she subsequently moved to Rhode Island, with its leader Roger Williams, where freedom of religion was a deeply cherished conviction.
After her husband’s death, another move followed for her and her children, as they relocated to Long Island in the colony of the New Netherlands. Tragically, the family perished in an attack by Native Americans; only one daughter survived. The motivations for the attack may have been anti-colonial or religiously motivated and linked to Puritans.
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/anne-hutchinson
Thursday, June 6, 2013
If you were speaking/preaching in front of a church and you were going to present a message about Anne Hutchinson, what would your title be, what would be the body of your message, and what would you want those in the congregation to learn? What theological or historical lessons are there represented in these pictures for people in the church to learn from?
What was the dreadful voice that the boy heard in Lafcadio Hearn's "The Boy Who Drew Cats"?
“The Boy Who Drew Cats” is the story of a young boy who leaves home, first to study as a priest and then to pursue the vocation of artist. When he arrives in the next village, he enters a large temple. Not realizing why it is deserted, he utilizes its large blank walls to indulge his passion: drawing cats.
After he has filled the walls with cat images, he recalls that the priest in his former temple warned him away from large spaces, and so he enters a cabinet to sleep. During the night, he hears dreadful sounds, which include screaming and fighting. Once everything is calm again, he goes out to find what seems to be a giant dead rat. He realizes that it is actually a goblin in the form of a rat and that his cats have killed it. The screams he heard were the animals fighting. Of course, some people do not believe in goblins or that drawings come to life and would say that he simply heard real, regular-sized animals.
Discuss Mary's relationship with God.
The speaker, Mary, in “Half Hanged Mary,” is questioning God in the 10PM stanza of the poem. She talks to him sarcastically when she mentions that she has some time to kill from her daily chores suggesting this might be a good time for them to discuss the concept of free will. Her free will has been thwarted by those who chose to hang her. In her one sided conversation, she wonders if it is God’s will that she be hanged and why. Is it her fault or His that she is dangling from the tree?
She is trying to comprehend by questioning God, why she was chosen to be hanged. She says that she is hurting; is that how she obtains Grace? As she hangs there, Faith, Hope, and Charity are just fleeting thoughts therefore her relationship with God is one of sarcasm and incomprehension.
Wednesday, June 5, 2013
Explain the film Crash.
Crash explores racial and social tensions in Los Angeles—and by extension, America—through a story that follows a dozen characters through the use of interlocking narratives. It starts with a car accident (hence the title), then works backward, via flashbacks, to reveal how the lives of all involved in the collision, including police personnel called to the scene, intersect in various ways.
Within this context, the movie makes statements on relationships between police and citizens, races and classes, and rich and poor. It raises questions with complicated answers, avoiding traditional racial and economic stereotypes. For example, in one scene a white police officer pulls over an upper-class black couple and blatantly gropes the wife as he searches her. This creates tension not only between the wife and her husband, who urges her not to make waves, but also between the wife and white authority. Later, as fate would have it, the wife is in an accident and trapped beneath her car, which is about to explode. The same white police officer is first on the scene and the only one who can save her, if she will let him pull her out.
Crash is peppered with ironic moments like this, forcing viewers to confront their own prejudices on issues of race and class. The movie won 2004 Oscars for best picture, best original screen play, and best film editing, and it was nominated for Academy Awards in three other categories.
What was a symbolic element of The Great Gatsby?
There are many symbolic elements in The Great Gatsby; they're one of the most notable features of the book. Arguably the most important is the symbol of green light, which represents Gatsby's hopes and dreams of being reunited with Daisy. This can be observed in the famous scene in chapter 1 where Jay stretches out his arms toward the light at the end of Daisy's dock. He's reaching out towards her, both literally and figuratively, demonstrating how much he wants to be with her.
Yet all Gatsby's hopes and dreams in relation to the woman of his dreams are destined to be dashed, as the social gap between Daisy and Jay, between East Egg and West, is simply too great to be narrowed. Metaphorically speaking, Jay will always be reaching out to Daisy's light without ever coming close.
What types of cells form epidermal tissue in plants? State the modifications in epidermal tissue in leaves, roots, desert plants, and older trees.
The epidermis is one single layer of tissue that covers the plant. It's main function is to protect it from the environment and absorb the water from the ground. The epidermal tissue itself consists of two different types or layers of cells commonly regarded as the upper and the lower epidermis. The epidermal cells are connected and make the plant stronger and more resistant to outer damage and infections. They cover the stem, the root, the seed, the leaves, the flower, and the fruit of the plant.
In various older botanical books and studies, the epidermal cells were called the parenchyma cells; however, these were later established as part of the ground tissue. The ground tissue (mesophyll) is located between the upper and the lower epidermis—this is where photosynthesis happens. The other tissue is called vascular tissue and it is responsible for providing the plant with water by absorbing it from the ground.
Is Walter Mitty an introvert or an extravert?
Walter Mitty is an introvert. He might be said to be a typical James Thurber character. Other examples of such characters, all of which can be found in the best collection of Thurber’s short pieces, The Thurber Carnival, are Mr. Martin in “The Catbird Seat,” the unnamed protagonist of “One is a Wanderer,” Samuel O. Bruhl, the antihero in “The Remarkable Case of Mr. Bruhl,” and Thurber himself in “A Note at the End.” And there are many typical James Thurber characters in the generous selection of cartoons included in The Thurber Carnival, for James Thurber was at least as famous for his drawings as for his stories, essays, and miscellaneous humor pieces.
It was the distinguished psychoanalyst Carl Jung who coined the terms “introvert” and “extravert” in his book Psychological Types (1921). According to Jung:
The introvert is not forthcoming, he is as though in continual retreat before the object. He holds aloof from external happenings, does not join in, has a distinct dislike of society as soon as he finds himself among too many people. In a large gathering he feels lonely and lost. The more crowded it is, the greater becomes his resistance. He is not in the least “with it,” and has no love of enthusiastic get-togethers. He is not a good mixer. What he does, he does in his own way, barricading himself against influences from outside. He is apt to appear awkward, often seeming inhibited, and it frequently happens that, by a certain brusqueness of manner, or by his glum unapproachability, or some kind of malapropism, he causes unwitting offence to people. His better qualities he keeps to himself, and generally does everything he can to dissemble them. He is easily mistrustful, self-willed, often suffers from inferiority feelings and for this reason is also envious. His apprehensiveness of the object is not due to fear, but to the fact that it seems to him negative, demanding, overpowering or even menacing.
The introvert sees everything that is in any way valuable to him in the subject; the extravert sees it in the object. This dependence on the object seems to the introvert a mark of the greatest inferiority, while to the extravert the preoccupation with the subject seems nothing but infantile autoeroticism. So it is not surprising that the two types often come into conflict. This does not, however, prevent most men from marrying women of the opposite type. Such marriages are very valuable as psychological symbioses so long as the partners do not attempt a mutual “psychological” understanding.
Examples of how Walter Mitty “sees everything that is in any way valuable to him in the subject” can be seen in all the episodes in which he is fantasizing about doing heroic or noble deeds. They are all triggered by objective reality and then translated into subjective experiences. For example, his wife tells him he should see Dr. Renshaw, and he quickly begins imagining that he himself is a distinguished surgeon. Mitty pictures their family doctor in his fantasy as “haggard and distraught.”
“Hello, Mitty,” he said. “We’re having the devil’s own time with McMillan, the millionaire banker and close personal friend of Roosevelt. Obstreosis of the ductal tract. Tertiary. Wish you’d take a look at him.”
As another example, Walter Mitty is driving to town and notes that it looks like rain, and he becomes Commander Mitty piloting a hydroplane through hurricane weather. The object becomes subjective. Jung states in Psychological Types that modern art has become more and more subjective. In painting many artists still use the object but do all sorts of weird things with it in order to express their own thoughts and feelings. Pablo Picasso is a prime example in his expressionist paintings such as the famous “Guernica.” Mitty is like Picasso in being more interested in his own thoughts, feelings, impressions and reactions than in the objective world in which he has to park cars and buy puppy biscuits.
Where Jung writes “This does not, however, prevent most men from marrying women of the opposite type,” he seems to be saying that most introverted men marry women of the opposite type. Or else he only means that introverted men are usually content with being married to extraverted women. At least we see many marriages in which the husband is quiet and introspective while his wife handles all the domestic and social arrangements. She may even tell her husband what suit to wear to work and what necktie should go with it. Jung calls this "psychological symbiosis." If the Mittys have a “symbiotic” relationship, what does Walter contribute? He is probably the one who earns the income—although it is his wife who spends most of it. He is the only one who can drive a car. Her concern about her husband may be largely a matter of dependence. Even her social life would be crimped if she were a widow or, worse yet, a divorcee rather than part of a couple. And this would be a serious matter for an extravert.
What is the theme of the chapter Lead?
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