Provide a detailed summary and analysis of the poem "Lesbos" by Sylvia Plath.

"Lesbos" is one of Sylvia Plath's poems collected in Ariel, a book edited by Plath's husband, the English poet Ted Hughes, and published after Plath's death by suicide. It was not actually included in Hughes's English edition, but it was published in the first American edition and subsequent editions of the collection.
The poem is written in free verse and narrated in the first person. The narrator is a woman with two young babies, and the narrative voice has several autobiographical elements. The woman is probably alone in the kitchen and feeling trapped by her domestic role. She is holding an imaginary conversation with the father of her children (husband or ex-husband) and to a degree projecting her anger onto him—perhaps imagining him as articulating some of her rage, or perhaps existing within a genuinely abusive relationship. As the narrator is unreliable, readers cannot be certain how much of the narration reflects actual events and how much is simply externalization of the narrator's emotional state.
The poem begins with the narrator making dinner. A female baby is crying and upset, perhaps having a tantrum, and the narrator wonders if the baby is actually insane or likely to develop some form of insanity due to the sheer intensity of the baby's anger in the lines:

Why she is schizophrenic,Her face is red and white, a panic

Another (male) baby is described as smiling like a "fat snail."
The parents have acquired kittens to amuse the babies, but the kittens "crap and puke and cry," creates even more frustration. The narrator remembers an earlier period in the marriage, before the babies, filled with freedom, pleasure, and adventures for herself and her husband as a young couple. She contrasts that time with their current situation, using hallucinatory Holocaust imagery and other violent metaphors.

How is Tom Paulhaus Sam Spade's friend and confidant?

Sam Spade used to be a policeman himself. In fact, it sounds as if he has been a private detective for only a short time, although he has had considerable experience as a cop. His firm is called Spade and Archer until Archer is killed in the alley. Spade tells Brigid towards the end of the novel:
"Miles was a son of a bitch. I found that out the first week we were in business together and I meant to kick him out as soon as the year was up. You didn't do me a damned bit of harm by killing him."
So Miles Archer and Sam Spade are both former cops who have only been in the private detective business for less than a year. Spade and Polhaus are friends and must have worked together before Spade went private. In fact, Polhaus might have been Spade's partner and Lieutenant Dundy is his new partner.
Tom Paulhaus is important to the plot because he maintains friendly relations with Spade and is willing to give him important information. Most importantly, Spade and Polhaus are having lunch at the States Hof Brau in Chapter 15 when Polhaus tells Spade practically everything the police have found out about Floyd Thursby, including the fact that the Webley-Fosbery automatic revolver found at the scene of Archer's murder belonged to Thursby and the bullet taken from the body came from the Webley-Fosbery. That seems to clear Spade of suspicion of killing Archer, although not of killing Thursby later that same night.
Polhaus also gives Spade a sketch of Thursby's arrests and convictions. This information is especially useful to Spade because it helps him trap Brigid in one of her many lies at the end. She claims that she came to Spade's office with her fabricated story about her sister in order to get a detective to follow Thursby. She wanted to be sure it was a detective she would recognize so that she could point him out to Thursby. It could have been Spade himself, but Archer volunteered because he was strongly attracted to the beautiful young client. According to her story:
"And I was afraid Gutman would find me--or find Floyd and buy him over. That's why I came to you and asked you to watch him for--"
"That's a lie," Spade said. "You had Thursby hooked and you knew it. He was a sucker for women. His record shows that--the only falls he took were over women. And once a chump, always a chump."
Spade is using the vital information he got from Tom Polhaus at the States Hof Brau. He knows Brigid wanted to get rid of Thursby so that she wouldn't have to share the proceeds from the Maltese falcon with him when she got it from Captain Jacobi. Spade tells her bluntly:
"You thought Floyd would tackle him and one or the other of them would go down. If Thursby was the one then you were rid of him. If Miles was, then you could see that Floyd was caught and you'd be rid of him. . . . And when you found that Thursby didn't mean to tackle him you borrowed the gun and did it yourself. Right?"
"Yes--though not exactly."
"But exact enough. And you had that plan up your sleeve from the first. You thought Floyd would be nailed for the killing."
Brigid's thinking was correct. The police naturally assumed that Thursby had killed Archer because the Webley-Fosbery found at the murder scene belonged to Thursby, and Spade had told Polhaus that Archer was following Thursby that night. Her scheme was ingenious, though thoroughly vicious. She didn't care whether Archer or Thursby or both of them got killed as long as she was rid of Thursby.
Spade is deeply indebted to his friend Tom Polhaus for the information he uses to clear himself of suspicion of murder and to force Brigid to confess that she not only killed Archer but was responsible for the entire affair involving the Maltese falcon, a conflict that ultimately led to the deaths of Archer, Thursby, Captain Jacobi, Caspar Gutman, and eventually Wilmer Cook, who was sure to be executed for killing Thursby, Jacobi, and Gutman. Brigid stole the statuette for Gutman but then decided not to give it to him. She had Captain Jacobi bring it to San Francisco, and her visit to Spade's office was what got him involved with the whole tangled and lethal melee. Spade had to clear himself of suspicion of two murders and avenge his partner's death, as a matter of honor, by unmasking Archer's killer.

What do you think are Pamuk's intentions in referring to the canon of Islamic literature in The Black Book?

Pamuk frequently refers to Islamic scripture in the novel The Black Book. He refers to the Surahs and the prophecies about the end of time several times. His intent, it seems, is to show how these works are relevant to the events of their time. He relays stories about listening to the elders teaching when he is at a funeral, and they address many current events and discuss what they mean in light of the poetic works of scripture, particularly the verses that speak about people who act against what they believe.
This is also pertinent to the story at large because it shows the narrator's feelings. He feels like he is acting against his own beliefs because of his heartbreak and fear at his wife's departure. He lies to everyone around him telling them that she is still around but eventually can't keep up the ruse and has to go seek her out himself. He also believes that she is acting against her beliefs by leaving her husband.

What private thoughts does Gregor have of Grete when he hears her playing the violin?

In The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa wakes up to find himself miraculously turned into a giant insect. His family is (understandably!) terrified and shocked, and the story explores the emotions that arise from this transformation and their reaction, ranging from anger to guilt to sheer isolation. In the scene you are asking about, the Samsas are sitting with three lodgers that are paying to stay in their home, something that they have to do since Gregor can no longer bring in any money for the family (because he is a giant insect, and people don't like when giant insects show up to work). His sister Grete, who he feels very positively towards due to her helping him after his metamorphosis, begins to play her violin while the lodgers listen. Gregor hears the violin playing and wants to experience it more, and sneaks out of his room to go listen.
The scene he sees disappoints and angers him. He notes that the lodgers seem unimpressed:

It now seemed really clear that, having assumed they were to hear a beautiful or entertaining violin recital, they were disappointed, and were allowing their peace and quiet to be disturbed only out of politeness.

Internally, Gregor feels it is unfair that these humans cannot appreciate the music that he, "an animal," finds beautiful.

Was he an animal that music so seized him? For him it was as if theway to the unknown nourishment he craved was revealing itself to him.

In this moment, Gregor is questioning the notion of humanity. Is he truly an animal if he is still able to appreciate the arts and love his family?
These are some of the thoughts he has about himself when he hears the music, but he has different thoughts of Grete, his sister. Because he thinks he is the only one who appreciates her, he wants to take her back to his room and have her never leave.

[He wants to] to indicate to her in this way that she might still come with her violin into his room, because here no one valued the recital as he wanted to value it. He did not wish to let her go from his room any more, at least not as long as he lived.

He then asserts that she would stay of her own will, and that he would tell her he would send her to the conservatory, and she would burst into emotion and he would kiss her. It starts to get a tiny bit uncomfortable here:

Gregor would lift himself up to her armpit and kiss her throat, which she, from the time she started going to work, had left exposed without a band or a collar.

Gregor takes an almost sexual tone in this fantasy about his sister, talking about kissing her exposed neck. Of course, it could just be a longing for a real, human connection, and what is more human than human flesh and human emotions?
Regardless, to summarize, his thoughts about his sister are that he wants to have her all to himself, he wants to appreciate her, and he wants her to fully appreciate and love him. If you need to read the scene for yourself to better understand, you can just search for the Metamorphosis PDF on Google and this scene appears near the end of the novella.

What does Proctor mean when he says, "our old pretense is ripped away gods icy wind will blow"?

Throughout the action in The Crucible, John Proctor struggles with hypocrisy. Although he speaks out against the persecution of the girls accused of witchcraft, he is hiding the affair he had with Abigail. His struggles are with his own conscience and his fear of God. Proctor has to decide if he will confess the sin of adultery, for that might be the only way to save his wife. If, however, he confesses to witchcraft—falsely, as he knows he is not guilty of that—he may save his own life.
In act 2, when he speaks the line quoted, he has been speaking with Mary Warren, who reveals that she knows about the affair. At this point, it seems he has nothing left to lose so he tells Mary “tell the court what you know.” He grabs hold of her, insisting over her fear that she do it: “My wife will never die for me.”
As Mary continues to refuse, he threatens her, saying she must make her peace with the outcome. It is a fight between Heaven and Hell, he says, and they cannot pretend any more. “[W]e are only what we always were, but naked now. Aye! Naked!” By “God’s icy wind will blow” he means the frightening punishment of God will be inflicted on them all for their sinful behavior.

Using the following poems, what is poetry's purpose in the political field? "The Market Economy" by Marge Piercy "The Great Society" by Robert Bly

Poet Amiri Baraka once said that "art and social commentary cannot be divorced." This is true of the poetic medium. In fact, the Beat poets of the mid-20th century made political and social commentary popular within the field of poetry. Many literary movements were interlinked to political movements, such as the Beat Generation and Proletarian Poetry.
In "The Market Economy," poet Marge Piercy criticizes the capitalistic system of the West using rhetorical questions as a poetic technique. She laments the rise of consumerism in America and how it has created a culture of exploitation.
In "The Great Society," poet Robert Bly mocks the Great Society theory of liberalism in his title. While he's not critiquing the theory itself, Bly wonders if America really is a "great society." Like Piercy, Bly offers commentary on society and the flaws of capitalism. However, "The Great Society" is wider in scope than "The Market Economy." The former is more politically charged, with Bly casually but sardonically stating that "the President dreams of invading Cuba."
Like the Beat poets during the mid-20th century and contemporary spoken word poets associated with the Black Lives Matter movement, Bly is critical of the government's questionable policies.
In this regard, poetry is not just about expressing one's emotions or constructing beautiful imagery through words; it is also used to express social and political commentary. Poetry is then elevated to the same level as op-ed journalism, in which the medium can be used to articulate opinions regarding current events and political issues.
https://usu.instructure.com/courses/191228/pages/marge-piercy-market-economy-p-414

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47211/the-great-society

How did Hinduism influence Ghandi’s life?

Mohandas, or Mahatma, Gandhi was a famed civil rights and independence movement leader and a devout Hindu. Hinduism played the central role in his choice of tactics, lifestyle, and decision to change from a moderate reformer who was proud of being a citizen of the British Empire to arguing that British colonialism was inherently brutal and that only independence could bring liberation and prosperity to India.
Gandhi was the son of a mid-level bureaucrat of a princely state collaborating with the British and became a lawyer trained in England. In South Africa, he became the leader of the Indian community there, successfully using nonviolence to overturn some of the legal discrimination there. Similar tactics were greatly expanded in India with enormous success and eventual independence.
Gandhi was most of all influenced by his Hindu mother and regional Hindu temples and saints. But he was also influenced by the Jain faith, Henry Thoreau, Leo Tolstoy, and Jesus's Sermon on the Mount. Based on all of these, he chose to live communally and simply, practicing and preaching nonviolence, vegetarianism, celibacy once one has had children, and communal economics.