Richard Wright articulated, through his own personal experiences, what many other African Americans went through during the Jim Crow era in the South. Wright related both macro and micro levels of racism. On a macro level, he illustrated the ways that institutional racism oppressed African Americans in the South.
Jim Crow laws are a prime example of systemic racism that affected all African Americans. On a micro level, Wright detailed his own firsthand experiences, such as being called racial slurs and receiving threats of violence from bigoted white people. Wright, or anyone who would have experienced such hostilities, couldn't thrive economically, socially, and politically in that environment.
Although the book ends with Wright on his way to Chicago, it can only be assumed that he found more economic opportunities there, as well as a less hostile environment. Even though Chicago at the time had its own social issues—e.g. political corruption, discriminatory housing practices, crime, police brutality—the city didn't have the ubiquitous system of oppression like the South.
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