Compare the civilizations of ancient China Shang and India Harrapan, and describe how religion contributed to the rise and fall of both civilizations. Describe the role religion played in the political systems of the two cultures.

The people of the Shang dynasty were farmers and hunters, forming permanent settlements rather than living a nomadic life. This is similar to another well-known culture: the peasants of the Middle Ages. The Shang also created a social hierarchy, with the king being the top tier, followed by military nobility, priests, merchants, and farmers. However, all of these classes shared a common bond: religion. The Shang people established a polytheistic culture, worshipping many gods. They also placed great importance on ancestor worship, believing that fruitful crops, good health and general well-being were based on the happiness of dead ancestors.
They also all worshipped a singular God, considered to be the most revered and important, known as Shang Ti (or "lord on high"), thought to be the link between people and heavenly beings. This lifestyle was profitable at first. However, the hierarchical structure and ancestor worship perhaps played a role in eventually bringing down the Shang culture. The last Shang king was Shang Chou, a cruel leader known for torturing victims, who was overthrown by opposing rebel leader Wu-wang in 1111 BCE.
Very little information exists about the religious life of the Indus valley people in India—which included the city of Harappa—mainly because the writing system they used has yet to be deciphered by historians. This civilization thrived roughly between 3500 BCE and 2000 BCE, encompassing an area larger than present day Europe. One thing generally accepted is that the Harappan people worshipped a Mother goddess symbolizing fertility. Like the Shang dynasty, their religion was polytheistic, with worship for both male and female deities as well as a father God—possibly considered the culture's originator and the archetype of the Hindu God Siva (or Shiva)—functioning as Lord of the Animals.
Other religious beliefs and rituals often associated with the Harappans include the practice yoga and meditation; the belief in a kind of tree of life, fertility, and magical rituals; the use of charms and amulets; and the belief in spirits and demons. It has been suggested that many of these and other religious ideals of the civilizations of the Indus Valley found their way into present-day Hinduism.
Many historians believe that changes to the region's geography and climate led to the civilization's collapse. In addition, a large group of nomadic cattle-herders, the Aryans, migrated into the region from central Asia around 1500 BCE, introducing Indo-European languages, the caste system, and other religious beliefs to the Indian subcontinent. This melding of cultures helped shape modern Indian political and social ideals.
https://www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/

https://www.ushistory.org/civ/9b.asp