Elizabeth I (1533 - 1603) was the regnant Queen of England through the second half of the 16th century.
During her reign, Elizabeth was known for her pragmatic and moderate religious policy, her openness to counsel and guidance from her courtiers tempered by her ability to take decisive action when needed, and her masterful command of foreign languages. At the same time, however, she was known for her personal vanity.
Elizabeth I's achievements included: the promulgation of the Poor Laws, England's first comprehensive welfare scheme; the preparation and successful leadership of the defense of England from Spain; and the suppression of several Irish rebellions.
Her greatest failing was the fact that she did not bear children which, in the law of succession, meant that she produced no heirs to the throne of England. The result was the extinction of the House of Tudor and, after her death, the Crown passed to James of Scotland.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-I
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