Identify the figures of speech used in "Death, be not proud."

John Donne uses several brilliant figures of speech in his sonnet "Death, Be Not Proud." The poem begins with an apostrophe, which is the technique of addressing someone not present or an inanimate or abstract object as if it could hear and respond. Donne speaks to Death, adjuring it to stop being proud, because it is not worthy of the dread it produces in people. By speaking to Death, Donne is also using personification, that is, attributing human qualities to something that isn't human.
The poem uses multiple metaphors to characterize death. First, Death is compared to a conqueror or tyrant with the use of the word "overthrow." Rest and sleep are "pictures" of death. The sedation produced by poppies or magic is also compared to sleep, providing additional metaphors. Death is called a "slave," which is another metaphor. Most of these metaphors serve to highlight death's weakness or inferiority.
In the last three lines, Donne stacks up literary devices one atop another. First, he uses a rhetorical question: "Why swell'st thou then?" The answer is obvious: Death has no reason to be proud. Next he uses understatement to describe the moment that people fear and dread, the moment when the soul leaves the body. It is merely "one short sleep." The last line is ironic, or perhaps a paradox: "And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die." That the end should meet its end is hard to grasp logically, but it is a delightful twist to know that the terror that has plagued mankind since the beginning will itself be done away with.
Donne uses figures of speech to superb effect in this "Holy Sonnet."