What emotion and figurative language does Shakespeare use in act 3, scene 3 of Romeo and Juliet, during Romeo's monologue "'Tis torture, and not mercy, heaven is here"?

The context of Romeo’s monologue is particularly important for its analysis. In act 3, scene 1, Romeo kills Tybalt, a Capulet, out of revenge for killing Mercutio. In response, rather than have Romeo killed, Prince Escalus banishes him from Verona. This action is exceedingly sympathetic; Prince Escalus is ignoring traditional law, as he himself leans toward the Montague family and detests the Capulets. Immediately before Romeo’s monologue, Friar Lawrence tries to make Romeo understand that his exile is a form of mercy.

'Tis torture and not mercy. Heaven is here,Where Juliet lives, and every cat and dogAnd little mouse, every unworthy thing,Live here in heaven and may look on her,But Romeo may not. More validity,More honorable state, more courtship livesIn carrion flies than Romeo.

“Heaven is here” and “here in heaven” contain alliteration through repetition of the H sound. Heaven is a symbol for Verona (i.e., where Juliet is). By extension, Romeo is implying that Juliet is an angel. To equate Verona with heaven, simply because Juliet is there, is hyperbolic; the play features conflict and bloodshed between the Montagues and Capulets in Verona, and it is quite an exaggeration to imply that Juliet is a divine being. “More validity, more honorable state, more courtship lives in carrion flies” means that flies are more worthy to be Juliet’s love than Romeo. This line contains personification, by giving flies the human capability of love. Repetition is also established with the word “more,” but in this case it is classified as anaphora because the sentence begins with the repetitive word.

They may seizeOn the white wonder of dear Juliet’s handAnd steal immortal blessing from her lips,Who even in pure and vestal modesty,Still blush, as thinking their own kisses sin.But Romeo may not. He is banishèd.Flies may do this, but I from this must fly.They are free men, but I am banished.

“White wonder” contains alliteration with the repetition of the W sound. “Immortal blessing” and “pure and vestal modesty” are allusions to Juliet being an angel and a virgin, respectively. Romeo says that Juliet blushes when her lips touch, believing this to be a sin (this is also hyperbole). Moreover, the personification of flies is extended to compare them to men entirely, making Romeo’s words even more dramatic. “Flies may do this, but I from this must fly” is a pun, or wordplay.

And sayst thou yet that exile is not death?Hadst thou no poison mixed, no sharp-ground knife,No sudden mean of death, though ne'er so mean,But “banishèd” to kill me?—“Banishèd”!

Romeo’s words are hyperbolic, as he equates his banishment to death because he cannot physically be with Juliet. Repetition is also established with the word “no.”

O Friar, the damnèd use that word in hell.Howling attends it. How hast thou the heart,Being a divine, a ghostly confessor,A sin-absolver, and my friend professed,To mangle me with that word “banishèd”?

In this passage, Romeo says that damned souls in hell use the term “banished.” He asks Friar Lawrence, as a man of God and his friend, how he can use such a term as is used by souls sent to hell. “How has thou the heart” is an example of both alliteration and assonance through the repetition of the H sound and the vowel sound made by the endings of “how” and “thou.” Note that Romeo is not saying Friar Lawrence is divine; rather, the meaning is established in combination with the metonymies of “ghostly confessor” and “sin-absolver,” signifying that he is a member of the church.

Compare and contrast Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility

There are two different ways one could approach writing a compare and contrast essay about Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen. The first is comparing elements within the novel with each other and the second is comparing Sense and Sensibility with another novel.
The most obvious internal comparison within Sense and Sensibility is of the two sisters, Marianne (characterized by her intensely emotional "sensibility") and Elinor (characterized by self-discipline and rational "sense"). Another possible pair of characters to compare would be the romantic but eventually selfish and unreliable Willoughby and the steadfast and patient Colonel Brandon. It would also be possible to compare the impoverished but still ethical and genteel Dashwood family with the vulgar and self-serving Steele family or Lucy Steele, fiance of Edward, with Elinor, who Edward eventually marries.
Another possibility would be to compare Sense and Sensibility with Pride and Prejudice which has a similar theme of various pairs of lovers whose eventual fates are tied to their moral characters and degrees of self discipline. The perfidious Mr. Wickham is very similar in type to Willoughby and Lydia Bennett could be compared to Lucy Steele. It might also be possible to compare and contrast how Austen portrays wealth and its influence on morality in the two novels.

In The Distance Between Us, why was it so important when Reyna Grande's father took the three siblings to the United States?

The decision that Reyna’s father made was especially important for her because it meant that she grew up in the United States rather than in Mexico. Although she was not US-born, she lived there from age eight and so developed an identity that was more closely linked to her experiences among other children who were raised there. Her memories of Mexico began to dim, so much so that upon returning, she felt more of an outsider there.
A second area of significance, however, is that for her father, the transition was much more difficult. Racism and higher educational and training requirements blocked him from many jobs; his descent into depression, drinking, and abusive behavior had a negative effect on Reyna and her siblings. These childhood experiences gave her ambivalent attitudes toward both her father and US society.
https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Distance-Between-Us/Reyna-Grande/9781451661781

Besides replacing military generals and the success of the "blitzkrieg," what other factors helped Germany in the early years of World War II?

There are three reasons—apart from the use of blitzkrieg—that explain Germany's early successes in World War II (1939–1945).
Germany's non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union helped it achieve success early in World War II. During World War I, Germany had to fight on two fronts—against the Anglo-French in the west and the Russians in the east. The non-aggression pact helped Germany between 1939 and 1941. It enabled Germany to focus on its invasions of Poland and then France without having to worry about its flanks to the east.
Another reason for Germany's early successes was the faulty military strategy employed by the Allies. France's reliance on the Maginot Line was an especially bad strategy. In other words, the French approach was too defensive. France's military leadership mistakenly believed that WWII would be fought like WWI. In WWI, rapid offensive operations were rare.
And finally, the Allies suffered from poor leadership. This began change, however, when Winston Churchill became prime minister in 1940. He energized British resistance and held off the Germans. In 1941, both the Soviet Union and the United States joined Britain in the war.

What characteristic traits of Sherlock Holmes can be identified in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band"?

The main Sherlock Holmes trait that shines through this story is his step-by-step reliance on observation and rationality to solve a crime. For example, he startles Miss Stoner on first meeting her when he states she came in that morning on the left side of a dogcart. He explains it is his powers of observation and reason that lead him to that conclusion:

The left arm of your jacket is spattered with mud in no less than seven places. The marks are perfectly fresh.

We also watch him as he very carefully examines Miss Stoner's bedroom from outside and inside the house, carefully noting everything that seems odd. His approach is utterly meticulous, methodical, and factual. At the end, he is, characteristically, brutally honest about his process. He doesn't want to display his genius or "wow" people—simply to clearly explain his method. Therefore, he is quite open in stating he was misled at first about the speckled band, thinking it was the nearby gypsy group, not a snake.
While Holmes is not a warm, fuzzy, huggable person, he is caring in his own way, and he shows his characteristic detached thoughtfulness in this story. He is concerned about Miss Stoner's terror, and he also makes an effort to rouse Watson from bed early in the morning, knowing he probably will want to be part of this mystery from the start.

One of Sherlock Holmes's characteristics is his mercurial nature, which changes from apathy and indolence to tremendous energy and determination as soon as a challenging case presents itself. This is demonstrated at the very beginning of "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" when Holmes, using a late riser, rouses Watson out of bed at 7:15am so he will not miss the beginning of the case.
Very soon afterwards, Holmes's keen powers of deduction are demonstrated when he remarks that Miss Stoner travelled by train then by dog-cart. He also shows his indifference to money when he waves away the question of payment, saying that his profession is its own reward. His attention to detail is shown in his meticulous questioning of Miss Stoner and his insistence on precise details.
Finally, Holmes displays his characteristic courage and coolness throughout the story. This is evident from his first encounter with the menacing Dr. Roylott, who attempts to bully and insult him, all to no avail. He laughs at Roylott's attempts to intimidate him:

Holmes chuckled heartily. "Your conversation is most entertaining," said he. "When you go out close the door, for there is a decided draft."

He is later equally brave when dealing with the swamp adder.

Sherlock Holmes's most famous characteristic is, of course, his preternatural ability for deductive reasoning. He demonstrates this ability early in the story when he deduces that Helen Stoner has travelled that morning "in a dog-cart, along heavy roads." He explains to her that the spatters of mud on the left arm of her jacket could only have been produced by a dog-cart, "and then only when you sit on the left-hand side of the driver."
Another characteristic common to Sherlock Holmes in many of the stories is his seemingly imperturbable demeanour. He is rarely alarmed, frightened, or excitable. This is demonstrated in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" when he is confronted by the large, imposing figure of Dr. Roylott. Dr. Roylott threatens and tries to bully Holmes, but Holmes responds with an almost mocking indifference. When Dr. Roylott demands to know what Helen Stoner has said to Holmes, Holmes responds, "I have heard that the crocuses promise well." When Dr. Roylott calls Holmes a "busybody," a "meddler" and a "Scotland Yard Jack-in-office," Holmes merely smiles and "chuckle(s) heartily."

Did the British enslave the Irish at any point in history?

The Irish were never treated as chattel slaves as were Africans. Poor Irish left Britain and worked as indentured servants where, after a period of servitude, they gained their independence. Some masters were unfair and broke the arrangements of the contract, and many Irish died due to bad conditions in the New World such as disease and poor sanitation. The British also deported Irish political prisoners to the New World and Australia, where many were forced to work on sugar plantations. Some children were exported to the New World in order to "retrain" them in the Protestant way of life and to avoid having one more poor person in the workhouse.
While some may claim that the Irish were indeed slaves, there are differences between indentured servitude and chattel slavery. Indentured servants eventually gained their freedom and their children were free, whereas chattel slavery was generational. Even though life was hard for the Irish and many were treated brutally, it was still better than slavery in that servitude, for the Irish, was a temporary event.

Why can't Mattie separate herself from Nell?

The fever of the title has been ravaging Philadelphia, bringing death and suffering to so many people. One of the victims of this terrible disease is Nell's mother. Nell's only a little girl and so losing her mother at such a young age has left her a homeless orphan. Mattie sees her crying in the street one day, desperate for someone to help her. Mattie takes pity on Nell and instead of putting her in an orphanage takes her back to her abandoned house.
Mattie cares deeply for Nell, looking after her when she too comes down with the same yellow fever that killed her mother. Over time, Mattie develops a very close bond of affection with Nell, treating her as if she were her own child. It's no wonder that she can't separate herself from Nell, and it's even less of a surprise when she makes their special relationship formal by adopting Nell and making her one of the family.

What is Bogart's character like in Miguel Street?

Bogart is certainly a strange character. Rather than embrace his own personality and skills, Bogart attempts to personify cultural icon Humphrey Bogart. Bogart seeks to impress the other men on the street, and when he often disappears, he comes back with elaborate tall tales about his life as a 1940s era gangster.
In reality, Bogart's life and character is not the impressive lie he has constructed. Bogart impregnates a woman who he is not married to and later is arrested for bigamy after going through a wedding ceremony with a woman while still being married. Bogart is similar to most of the men on Miguel Street in that he is misogynistic and emotionally irresponsible. Bogart is only really concerned with impressing the other men on Miguel Street.

What does Tom Benecke’s use of a typewriter suggest about the time in which this story is set?

Tom Benecke uses a typewriter and a pencil to write down research notes in "Contents of the Dead Man's Pocket." This is an indication that the typewriter was either the most advanced writing technology or the most accessible at the time of his writing. Today, most people have access to computer word processors that are more efficient than typewriters. The typewriter was invented in the late nineteenth century and became accessible to most people in the twentieth century. This shows that the story is set at a time when the typewriter was the most commonly used technology in writing. It may be any time between the early and the late twentieth century. The use of computers for writing only became popular in the late twentieth century.

Tom Benecke is using a typewriter to write up the research notes he needs to gain a promotion. Typewriters are rarely used today, as just about everybody has access to a computer and word processing software. But for much of the 20th century, typewriters were an essential writing tool for authors, secretaries, and journalists alike. "Contents of the Dead Man's Pocket" was first published in 1956, when the use of typewriters was particularly widespread. It wouldn't be for another thirty years or so that word processors became more widely used. Ironically, it is the good old-fashioned pencil-written notes—not the typewritten pages—that Tom is anxious not to lose and which cause him to take a potentially fatal step onto the window ledge outside.

How do the camp and the wilderness contrast?

In James Welch's novel Fool's Crow, none of the Blackfeet Indians or other Natives would have used the terms "wilderness" or "camp." These are terms that would have been used by white outsiders.
For Blackfeet and other Natives, wilderness would be called simply "the world" or "nature." While Westerners often view nature which is not under human control as wilderness, Native Americans view nature as something they are part of. The Earth is considered a mother that nurtures and gives life, rather than something to exploit, tame, or conquer, as many Europeans and their descendants view it.
The "camp" would have been referred to as the village or town by Blackfeet. Camp is something temporary. Blackfeet and other Plains Indians, often called nomadic by outsiders, typically returned to the same sites each year. Their towns were mobile, but the winter towns and summer towns were their habitual places to live. In that respect, they were similar to Vikings, the Irish, or even many Americans traveling to campgrounds in RVs today.
Within both nature and the village, the Blackfeet were expected to live by natural law. The village and its people were seen as part of nature, of it and not separate; animals, plants, and the land itself were seen as relatives to the people.

To what extent can psychology predict behavior?

The short answer to your question is that psychology can predict behavior to a varying extent. In fact, that's almost what "prediction" means in the world of psychology. When we use the word "prediction" in general conversation, we're usually referring to a type of prediction that is infallible, like that of a person with some uncanny ability to see the future. However, in the world of psychology, prediction can refer to any correlation that is outside of the realm of completely guessing. When we talk about a trait predicting a behavior, what we really indicate is that a trait can be a predictor for a behavior. This is typically based on correlation observed through different subjects. For example, many psychological studies may focus on a personality trait that may lead to a specific behavior or even action. For example, some psychological studies have shown that people who had heavily structured lives from a very early age may be more likely to show neurotic behavior into adulthood. However, believing that this prediction will be true in every case could be likened to believing that you could predict tomorrow's winning lottery numbers. While psychological prediction can be useful to an extent in regard to studying behavior, it is downright foolish to rely on it to make a prediction that carries any medical weight. In fact, some psychologists in the 1970s, such as Daryl Bem, began to argue that behavior has far less to do with personality and more to do with the gravity of a situation. For example, if a person saw their doctor several times in a year for extended periods of time in the same environment, they may describe his behavior as cool and collected and assume that this behavior stems from his personality. However, this person would be seeing their doctor in precisely the same situation every time. Psychologists such as Bem argued that this would simply be the way that anyone would act in such a situation and that personality traits may be illusory, not only in regard to predicting behavior but perhaps altogether.

What are the struggles of Karlie?

In “The Bench,” Karlie’s struggles are both internal and external. As a “colored” person under South African apartheid, many limitations were placed on him, including where he could go, the education he would receive, and the kinds of jobs he could get. The cumulative negative effect of those restrictions plays a destructive role in the formulation of his self-image. Richard Rive writes movingly of this kind of internalization of repression, which contributes to people’s hesitation to take actions to improve their situation.
Within the action of the story, after Karlie attends a political rally, he identifies a single symbol of repression: a bench marked “Europeans only.” An internal struggle takes place at the moment he contemplates disregarding that sign and sitting on the bench. Understanding that his decision is connected to his self-identification as a man and a human being, he sits there.

What is a comparison between the book and the film Every Day by David Levithan?

There are many similarities and differences between Levithan’s novel and the 2018 eponymous film directed by Michael Sucsy. Both the film and the novel follow the story of “A,” who wakes up every day in a different body and has to live in it for 24 hours. One day he wakes up in the body of a teenage boy named Justin and falls in love with his girlfriend, Rhiannon.
One of the main differences between the film and the novel is, in fact, Rhiannon and A’s characterization. In the novel, A slowly learns how to navigate his life and tries to adapt to his current situation, while Rhiannon tries to understand him. In the film everything seems a bit rushed, as the director wanted the film to have an acceptable run time; thus, many of the important experiences that A goes through are excluded. Basically, the novel chronicles A’s life as he tries to discover his identity and figure out how his situation affects the people he cares about; the movie, on the other hand, focuses more on Rhiannon’s point of view and hardly touches upon the same social themes that the novel incorporates.

Outline the major features of Orthodox Judaism, Progressive Judaism and Conservative Judaism. Specify some major differences between these variants.

Orthodox, Progressive (also known as Liberal or Reform) and Conservative Judaism are the three major sects within the Jewish faith. Groupings within a major faith are common in Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism as well.
Orthodox Judaism focuses, as one might expect, on very traditional concepts of the faith. Scripture and worship are conducted in Hebrew and men and women are kept separate during services, with certain rituals being limited only to men. An essential tenant of the Orthodox sect is the interpretation of the Bible which ascribes to the concept of a Divine origin.
Progressive Judaism originated in the early 1800's as Jewish people in Europe wanted to live in harmony with their fellow citizens instead of being relegated to community life in slums. Ideologically, Progressive Jewish people believe in an ever-changing interpretation of the Torah and tries to find harmony between the important history and traditions of the Jewish faith and the realities and new understandings that come with modern life.
Conservative Judaism marries many of the concepts of the Orthodox and Progressive faiths. While Conservative Jewish people are socially liberal in their believes, they practice their faith conservatively. For example, while an Orthodox Jewish person would not even turn on a light on the Sabbath, Conservative Jewish followers allow the use of electrical appliances and even the use of a car if travelling to synagogue on a Sabbath day.
https://www.ijs.org.au/modern-judaism-orthodox-conservative-and-progressive/

How was Melinda's ex best friend Rachel changed in high school?

Rachel used to be Melinda's best pal. Melinda thought she was always someone she could trust. Unfortunately, that turns out not to be the case. After Melinda's traumatic assault, Rachel turns against her, believing Melinda to be out to get everyone at the party into trouble. But this is largely a product of Rachel's ignorance; at this stage in the story she still doesn't know that Andy raped Melinda.
In due course, Rachel comes to realize just what kind of a slimeball Andy really is after he touches her inappropriately at the high school prom. Initially, she couldn't believe what Melinda told her about Andy, but now it all makes sense. Now that she's got the full picture, Rachel reaches out to Melinda, holding out the prospect that their broken friendship can be put back together.

Did the 13 colonies become more British or more American?

This is an interesting question! Before the American Revolution, most of the colonists, including many of the founding fathers, had a desire to maintain their British heritage. A substantial number of colonists had ties with Great Britain either economically or through family. By the American Revolution, the colonists were the third generation and somewhat removed from the daily experience of their British counterparts. As with many things, time tends to erode the ties connecting them.
After the Declaration of Independence, thoughts about the relationship with the British began to change. Again, even during the American Revolution and the heat of battle, there were some prominent Americans who believed the war could be resolved, and with some tweaks in the agreements with the British, the colonies could remain as part of Great Britain. They may have held a minority opinion, but even some of the early founders held similar views.
The American Revolution ended, and the colonists were left to figure out how to best govern without the British. Here is where it gets interesting! Not wanting to repeat the mistakes the British Monarchy had made with the American colonists and observing unrest in Europe (France in particular), the leaders determined to create a government "unique" in structure but similar in "philosophy." The American form of the Democratic Republic is an amalgamation of Roman, Greek, and British philosophy, but operates in function different from any democracy in the world.
The answer to your question is a little of both. The Americans broke from the British tradition of the monarchy but retained many of the basic structures of British or European governing philosophy.

Could a machine think? In light of the Intentional Stance, on the one hand, and the Chinese Room on the other.

This is a very tricky and philosophical question, and it is at the root of what we consider Artificial Intelligence. Personally, I believe a robot could eventually be trained to have independent thought, and I will explain this position with regard to the two arguments you set forward.
The intentional stance is a premise of rationale and thought, developed by Daniel Dennett, that regards every action as intentional and predictable. In this way, Dennett argues the opposite of what is usually the rationale with intelligent thought, stating instead that human thought is already predictable and therefore machine-like.
The Chinese room thought experiment postulates that if a reasoning program were in an isolated room and were fed Chinese words, it could use a logical process to produce corresponding Chinese words and therefore pass the Turing test. There is, in my opinion, a fundamental flaw in this argument: its decision that, by following a logical program, the system is doing no thinking. In reality, the logical program is an example of higher-order thinking and decision-making. Therefore, it is a thought-processing system.
In many ways, intelligent human thought is much like a machine’s logical processing. We use inputs from our environment and a predetermined set of logical criteria (prior knowledge, ethics, and experiences) to make decisions and perform actions. Because of this, it seems only a matter of time before machines are capable of independent thought.

What did Martin Van Buren do that was strange?

It is hard to know what this question is aiming at, but a chief oddity of Van Buren's administration vis-a-vis those of other presidents was his widower status. He never remarried after his wife died in 1819. When he became president in 1836, of course he had no First Lady. Therefore, he used his daughter-in-law, Angelica, to perform traditional First Lady duties.
It might also be considered strange that Van Buren did not accept Texas into the union. Once it had gained its freedom from Mexico early in the Van Buren administration, Texas applied to become part of the United States. Van Buren used his congressional allies to block this request. This is strange because it ran contrary to the United States's previous policy of expanding aggressively westward towards the Pacific and acquiring as much territory as possible on the North American continent. However, Van Buren feared allowing Texas into the union would exacerbate tensions over slavery that were already running high.

What does the green light represent in The Great Gatsby?

In The Great Gatsby, the green light at the end of the dock takes on many meanings. The very first chapter describes Nick observing Gatsby emerging from his home and stretching his arms out towards the bay. He notices that Gatsby is "trembling," but when he tries to figure out what Gatsby is reaching for, he says that he "distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock (24)." This is significant because the reader, along with Nick, does not yet know the importance of the green light or what weight it carries.
The second time the light appears, it is in chapter five, when Gatsby is showing Daisy his mansion after he encounters her "accidentally" while she is visiting Nick. He tells her that "'If it weren't for the mist we could see your home across the bay.…You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock (99)." The light is described as losing a "colossal significance" that it once had, because now that Gatsby is seeing and touching Daisy, the green light no longer carries the same value. We learn that it, in Gatsby's mind, signified Daisy herself but diminished when he was with her physically.
The final appearance of the green light is in chapter nine, at the end of the novel. By this point the characters have either left East Egg or have died. It takes on a rather pessimistic meaning: that like Gatsby, we will always be pulled back into the past by our past mistakes. And the light no longer belongs to him. It is now a symbol of what we are all striving towards–the future–even though it is out of reach, no matter how far we stretch our arms.

The green light in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby changes in meaning throughout the text. In the beginning of the novel, we witness Gatsby with his arms outstretched, staring across the bay at a green light on the end of a dock. Nick describes him as "trembling." Later, when Daisy and Gatsby reconnect at Nick's house, Jay tells her, "You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock." We realize that, to Gatsby, the green light is a symbol of Daisy, a hope to once more have her in his life. Losing Daisy left Gatsby so empty over the years, and the light was the closest he could get to her—it was "almost touching her." Jay's reaction to the light connects to his illusion that he can erase present circumstances, such as Daisy's marriage and daughter, and return to the past.
At the luncheon, Nick closely observes the two former lovers and realizes that Gatsby is so enamored with Daisy that his entire life for the past five years has been driven by his desire to reunite with her. The light has been his only connection. However, "the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever." As Gatsby leads Daisy through his mansion, he observes how impressed Daisy is with his wealth. All of Gatsby's illegal activities to acquire wealth have now succeeded in impressing Daisy and wooing her back into his arms. Now that he and Daisy have reunited, Gatsby no longer needs the green light. "Now it was again a green light on a dock." Therefore, the green light's significance to Jay has dimmed; it is no longer a symbol of a future with Daisy, since Gatsby believes he has her again.

How did the early colonists deal with illness?

As to be expected, medical knowledge during the colonial days was lacking for the most part. Illnesses such as smallpox, malaria, and dysentery ravaged entire settlements in some cases. To deal with these illnesses, a lot of measures were taken; some were valid and others were not.
Smallpox was by and large one of the worst illnesses for the early colonists. However, a portion of the population had built up immunities from the old world outbreaks. To combat smallpox, many were inoculated with the live virus. This worked for some but proved disastrous for others, primarily those with poor diets. Another measure was total isolation. In fact, many colonies passed quarantine acts, such as Massachusetts in 1731.
These were two examples of valid measures against illnesses. Other ways the colonists dealt with illnesses were not necessarily valid but did have some truth to them. For instance, many believed malaria came from breathing in air around stagnant water. Although the air did not cause the malaria, the mosquitos around the stagnant water did. These are just two of the many illnesses experienced by the colonists and the ways that they dealt with them.
https://tullyhistoricalsociety.org/tahs/medical.php

Where did Swami and his friends live in Swami and Friends?

In this text, Swami and his friends live in a small village in Southern India, which is called Malgudi. This is a fictional location, not an actual village, but it is representative of all the small villages in the region, and it is used as a type to help clarify and understand the relationships and impact of events on the people who live in places like that. For the sake of the novel, they could have lived in any small village because it is merely a representation of their life and the struggles they faced, politically, socially, and economically. By placing them in a fictional village, the author was able to weave together all the different threads from different locations to represent them all at once.

Swami and his friends live in the small town of Malgudi in Southern India. Narayan often uses this fictional place as the setting for his stories. In creating Malgudi, Narayan builds on his own childhood experiences of the place where he grew up, the people he met, and the boys he played with. In Swami and Friends, Malgudi is presented as an idyllic, magical place, the perfect backdrop for the boys' various adventures and escapades.
At the same time, Malgudi, rather like Mark Twain's St. Petersburg, is not immune to the social and political tensions of the adult world. We can see this, for example, when Swami joins a large, angry mob protesting against the arrest of a prominent local politician. He becomes so intoxicated with the mob's nationalist fervor that he throws a rock through the window of his headmaster's office. Thankfully, Swami sees the error of his ways and channels his youthful aggression into a rather more civilized pursuit—cricket.

How is death or grief in Kitchen similar and/or different to actual Japanese traditions for death or grief?

In Kitchen, we see grief presented in a couple of different ways. After Eriko's death, Yuichi retreats and doesn't share his grief or emotions with anyone. Satsuki, on the other hand, tries to remain in contact with friends and family after the death of her boyfriend, Hitoshi, because she doesn't want to be alone with her thoughts. Like Yuichi, she doesn't discuss her grief much.
Within the Japanese culture, death is often dealt with by first making arrangements, whether they are following Shinto or Buddhist rituals. Like in Kitchen, the grieving process of the Japanese is often very slow. There tends to be an emphasis on grieving together as a group. We see this very little in the book, other than offers for company and providing food. However, Mikage and Yuichi help one another through their grieving processes in this manner and thus might be considered a group of two.
http://www.econdolence.com/learn/articles/shinto-periods-of-mourning/

What is the importance of the stranger being in a yellow suit?

As well as being associated with sunshine, hope, and optimism, yellow is also the color of cowardice and deceit. And it is these characteristics that are especially appropriate to the man in the yellow suit. When he first meets Winnie, the man is all sunny and friendly. But it isn't very long before he reveals his true colors. He's a devious, throughly deceitful man who will do just about anything to get his greedy hands on the Tucks' spring of eternal youth. He was only ever nice to Winnie because he thought she would help him find it.
When he finally tracks down the Tucks, he makes them what he thinks is a generous proposition, offering to cut them in on the huge bundle he expects to make from their elixir of youth. In other words, he offers them hope and optimism, which as we've seen, are associated with the color yellow. But when the Tucks refuse, he accuses them of being selfish, implying that he only wants to obtain their precious spring water for the wider good of humanity. This outburst brings out not just the man's true personality, but also another of yellow's connotations: that of deceit.

Why are Danforth and Parris so desperate to have Elizabeth speak to John and perhaps earn his confession?

Danforth and Parris believe that if John Proctor will confess to witchcraft, it will lend legitimacy to the trials, which are becoming increasingly unpopular with the citizens of Salem. Fewer and fewer people are inclined to believe that upright citizens, especially Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, and Elizabeth Proctor are actually guilty. When Proctor asks why the court will not consider possible ulterior motives of the accusers, the public's faith in the fairness of the trials really begins to slip. If John says that he is a witch, Parris and Danforth believe that the citizens will entertain the thought that other prominent people are, too.
Danforth and Parris are also afraid that riots will soon break out, and Parris knows that his life has been threatened when he finds a dagger stuck into his door. Because Elizabeth is pregnant and the Proctors have other children, Parris and Danforth believe that she can persuade John to confess so that he will live, but likely suffer banishment from the colony. Parris and Danforth can save face, prop up the theocracy of Salem, preserve themselves and their positions, and excommunicate an enemy if Elizabeth will persuade John to confess.

What is the purpose of the "Finnsburg Fragment"?

To the casual reader, Beowulf seems to center on the episodes involving Beowulf's killing of Grendel and, later, the dragon that plagues the Geat kingdom. As all scholars acknowledge, however, one of the poem's themes encompasses the struggles, often violent, among the Scandinavian tribes. For example, the most famous digression in Beowulf is known as the "Finnsburg Fragment" or the "Fight at Finnsburg" at lines 1067-1159, which re-tells a serious and destructive battle, based on betrayal, between the Danes, on one hand, and the East Frisians and Jutes, on the other hand. This lengthy digression is important because it allows the poet to keep tribal history and conflicts in the forefront of the minds of his audience, reminding them of their violent heritage and, perhaps more important, subtly contrasting the peaceful nature of the new religion, Christianity, with life in a pagan world. The Hermod and Sigemond digression serves a similar purpose.

What is a summary of Ted Hughes's Birthday Letters?

Birthday Letters is Ted Hughes's collection of 88 poems addressed to his first wife and a fellow writer, Sylvia Plath. Written after a now-famous period of silence, it is a vulnerable portrait of memory, love, and grief. The collection offers a rare and raw glimpse into Hughes's often volatile relationship with Plath and his efforts to cope with her suicide. Widely considered to be Hughes's most personal and masterful collection, it veers starkly from the non-autobiographical approach that characterizes the majority of his successful earlier works.
Birthday Letters continues to resonate with readers in a timeless way. This is partially due to Plath's status as a literary icon, the public interest surrounding their relationship, and Hughes's mastery of the written word. In a larger sense, Hughes's willingness to be fully exposed at his most distraught allows the collection to become much more than mere autobiography. It is often revered as a powerful, poignant encapsulation of a universal human experience.

How has the impact of the Protestant Reformation influenced how we in America today view freedom, government, and rights?

The Protestant Reformation has had a profound impact in influencing American values, both in how they concern religious freedom and in the intersection between religion and government. The thing to keep in mind is that the Protestant Reformation created a lot of turmoil and tension throughout Europe, both through the prevalence of religious wars and also in the ways that governments and churches collaborated.
During the Early Modern Era, Europe was a continent in which different political states tended to have their own state churches. England had the Church of England and France the Gallican Church (Roman Catholic), just to name two. You can go further back toward the rise of Martin Luther and the political calculations of various princes as to whether they would patronize Lutheranism or stay under the aegis of Rome, or Calvin and his theocracy at Geneva, to see that this was a fundamental trend with deep roots in the past. Furthermore, be aware that state churches tended to suppress and restrict opposing ideologies. At the same time, be aware of ideology and anti-religious prejudice, which adds additional levels of complexity to this problem. Quite simply, Protestants and Catholics often held very negative views against one another, and these viewpoints have carried over, even in the United States. Despite official policies of toleration, prejudice and religious tensions have remained. For one example, consider the election of John F. Kennedy, the first Catholic president, and the concerns which circulated at the time as to whether he would be personally beholden to the Pope.
Regardless, the United States was created in a certain political context, and the influence of the Enlightenment (as well as the Enlightenment's reading of the religious situation in Europe) is quite clear. There is a very strong condemnation on superstition and intolerance that runs within the great writers and philosophers of the time period, and their influence can be found in the Bill of Rights—particularly in the First Amendment, which guarantees freedom of religion—and in the thought of men like Thomas Jefferson and his views on separation of church and state. These values remain critically important into the present day.

What is the logical relationship between the vice of lust and its punishment in Dante's hell in The Divine Comedy?

Inferno is the first part of the popular fourteenth-century epic poem The Divine Comedy written by famed poet Dante Alighieri. In it, Dante travels through Hell, alongside his trusted friend, guide, and companion, Virgil. Dante explains that there are Nine Circles of Hell, in which all of the sinners of the world are forced to face their punishment for their unholy deeds. According to him, the Second Circle of Hell is reserved for the lustful, or "carnal melefactors," and "the carnal sinners who subordinate reason to desire." Here, Dante sees some of the most famous lovers in history like Cleopatra, Tristan, Dido, Achilles, and many more. He also meets Francesca da Rimini, who married a physically deformed politician named Giovanni Malatesta but fell in love with his brother Paolo Malatesta instead. The two were caught and killed by Giovanni, and their souls were sent to Hell. By explaining their tragic story, Dante tells us that the punishment for those who were consumed by impure and lustful thoughts and acted upon them was eternal winds.

As the lovers drifted into self-indulgence and were carried away by their passions, so now they drift for ever. The bright, voluptuous sin is now seen as it is—a howling darkness of helpless discomfort.

This is actually a rather symbolic punishment; the souls were swayed left and right by powerful, strong winds for eternity, just like how they allowed to be "swayed by lust" while they were alive. Essentially, this is the logical relationship between the vice of lust and its punishment. Just as the winds are never consistent or predictable, so the sinners are restless, and they are never able to settle down; they often change their lovers or engage in adulterous affairs, just like the winds often change direction.
It's noteworthy to mention that Dante places those who were blinded by the sin of lust the furthest from Satan, which means that he didn't consider lust to be the most unforgivable sin of all; in fact, he feels pity for the sinners because they are not really self-centered and malicious, as most of them (aside form the rapists) loved and cared for their partners and lovers and had no ill intentions towards them; they simply enjoyed the pleasures of the body. However, he also makes lust the first punishable sin in Hell, which is a direct reference to the first, original sin in the Bible—the sexual relationship between Adam and Eve.

Compare and contrast the characters of Daru and Baldacci in Camus’s “The Guest.”

Daru seems stuck in a no man's land between his French roots and a reluctance to condemn the indigenous Arabs of Algeria. He refuses to follow Balducci's orders to hand the Arab over to French authorities in Tinguit.
Daru is there to teach the local people French history and culture (hence the French rivers on the chalkboard). Daru is French but was born in Algeria. He has a unique but complicated position of feeling allegiance to France and to the land that he knows: Algiers. As a result, he feels alone. Note that this is the final word in the story. He can not commit fully to either side, making it appear that he is somewhat indifferent to both sides. Daru "offends" Balducci by refusing to abide by strict French allegiance. Daru is quite hospitable to his Arab guest but when he gives him the choice of freedom or prison, he (Daru) ends that hospitality by refusing to listen to anything the Arab has to say. (Presumably, the Arab wanted to warn him that his "brothers" might seek vengeance.) So, Daru is completely torn between his allegiance to the French cause and doing the honorably thing with the Arab. In the end, he does not fully commit to either.
Balducci is less complicated. He follows the rules and is determined to stifle any uprising against the French occupation in Algeria. However, Balducci is not completely single-minded. He believes in the French cause but does show understanding. He does recognize Daru's conflicted position and let's him make his own decision regarding the Arab. As he is about to leave, Balducci tells Daru:

Don't be mean with me. I know you'll tell the truth. You're from here abouts and you are a man.

And here is where Balducci and Daru are similar. Seeing the issue is complicated, each man gives another man a choice (call it complicated free will). Balducci finally lets Daru decide what to do with the Arab. Daru inevitably decides to let the Arab choose. And lastly, the Arab shows his own complicated motivations when he inexplicably opts for the road to prison rather than seeking asylum with the nomads.

Discuss four examples of effective conflict resolution tools that can be used to achieve consensus in real-world projects that have an environmental or sustainability dimension. Pay attention to the cultural as well as the economic aspects of how people differ and agree on issues relating to natural resources, human health and safety, and financial profitability.

Environmental protection and shifting to clean energy sources are top issues in the twenty-first century, although mainstream media has not given nearly enough airtime to these issues, considering the seriousness of climate change. Large corporations have shown interest in improving public image by adopting sustainability measures, such as installing solar panels on rooftops.
Major companies such as Apple, Google, Amazon, and Tesla have been leaders in this movement toward cleaner and more efficient energy. While recycling has helped reduce waste, only a small percentage of materials are recycled, but this cause is still worth promoting. Here are four tools a business can use to improve sustainability, safety, and profits for its profile.
1. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Report
Several companies are starting to issue Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainability reports for investors, media, and the public. These reports reveal efforts that firms are making to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as investing in solar and wind energy, as well as using eco-friendly building and product materials. Individuals can view these reports at CSRwire.com.
2. Apply for a LEED Certification
Gaining a LEED certification is a prestigious achievement in the business world today because it proves that the company is working toward sustainable solutions such as energy savings, water efficiency, and indoor air quality. LEED stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, as developed by the US Green Building Council (USGBC). This system provides scoring in the areas of sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor air quality.
3. Encourage Local Leaders to Plan for Renewable Energy
Another important tool for resolving environmental issues in the community is local government. Change is more likely to take place more quickly on a local rather than national level, so green activists should attend city council meetings to address environmental issues and propose renewable energy goals by a certain date. For those who believe that clean energy is too far away in the future, consider that as of 2018 the United States had become home to five cities running on 100% renewable energy. Those cities include Rockport, Missouri; Greensburg, Kansas; Kodiak Island, Alaska; Burlington, Vermont; and Aspen, Colorado.
4. Share Environmental Information on Social Media
Finally, social media is an effective tool for sharing any kind of information with large networks of people. Facebook, for example, gives everyone in society a voice to spread ideas and facts that may not be covered by mainstream media. It allows people to share articles and videos, along with opinions. Key sources dedicated to environmental information are the US Energy Information Administration (EIA.gov), Environmental News Network (ENN.com), and EcoWatch.com.
http://www.bu.edu/sustainability/what-were-doing/green-buildings/leed/

https://www.csrwire.com/reports

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/american-cities-powered-by-renewable-energy_n_59ea2cbee4b0958c4681d32a?fbclid=IwAR1RRt3n5aLpsaTJmAmaTeXF9KwdsQZmPeMEEAQd1fBXueIqlpDSpNIGcf8

Why does Macbeth hire murderers?

Since this play is intended to be the tragedy of Macbeth, Shakespeare does his best to preserve some slight degree of audience sympathy for him. It is to be noted that, although Macbeth is responsible for the murders of Duncan and Banquo, the attempt to Fleance's life, and the slaughter of Macduff's whole family along with every other unfortunate in the castle, Macbeth himself is never actually shown doing any of these evil deeds. He murders Duncan offstage--and then he even sends his wife back to return the grooms' daggers and smear their faces with blood. He is too squeamish to look at what he has done to the King. Then he sends agents to attack Banquo and his son Fleance. When confronted by the ghost of Banquo at the coronation banquet, Macbeth tells him:
Thou canst not say I did it: never shake
Thy gory locks at me. III.4
Macbeth seems to think he isn't guilty of murder so long as he wasn't present when it occurred.
Then in Act IV.2 we see a force of soldiers invade Macduff's castle and murder Lady Macduff and her innocent little boy. Macbeth must have sent them, but we see nothing of Macbeth himself. He is doing everything by agents. It is possible that Shakespeare is tying to keep the audience from completely hating this man so that they can still appreciate his fall from brave warrior to cruel tyrant.
Macbeth even remains somewhat defiant at the end. He is not fighting Macduff so much as he is fighting against the laws of the universe, against the invincible hand of fate, against God himself.
I will not yield,
To kiss the ground before young Malcolm's feet,
And to be baited with the rabble's curse.
Though Birnam Wood be come to Dunsinane,
And thou opposed, being of no woman born,
Yet I will try the last. Before my body
I throw my warlike shield! Lay on, Macduff,
And damn'd be him that first cries, “Hold, enough!” V.8

Who is Gulliver's worst enemy at the Lilliputian court in Gulliver's Travels?

After his initial negative reception in Lilliput, Gulliver soon became a friend to most of the Lilliputians, and the Emperor especially enjoys his company and respects him. However, Gulliver has two enemies who in the end force him to escape from Lilliput to avoid severe bodily injury and death. The Empress became his enemy when he put out a raging fire in her apartments by urinating on that section of the palace. The Empress was so mortified that she moved out of that part of the palace and refused to have it restored. After that, she vowed revenge against him.
Another "mortal enemy" was Skyresh Bolgolam, the admiral. After the military confrontation with the neighboring nation of Blefuscu, the admiral hated Gulliver. It was mostly a matter of jealousy because Gulliver's actions had been so decisive that the admiral had had no role to play. This led Bolgolam to begin a secret two-month-long intrigue to destroy Gulliver. He petitioned for Gulliver's death on the grounds that he had violated laws (by urinating in the palace) and was a traitor and a Big-Endian at heart.
The Emperor and some friends on the council stood up for Gulliver, but the best they could do was change the sentence to spare Gulliver's life but put out his eyes. Even then, at the urging of the Empress, the admiral insisted that Gulliver must die. Finally, it was determined that after having his eyes put out, Gulliver would be gradually starved to death. A friend warned Gulliver of the upcoming sentence, so he decided to flee to Blefuscu to escape the torture the Lilliputians planned for him.

Which of the following can scientists use to identify where earthquakes will most likely occur?: Seismic gaps, plate boundaries, proximity to a volcano, and seismographs.

Earthquakes occur along the plate boundaries; however, the exact location of an earthquake is determined by using seismographs.
A seismograph is an instrument used by the scientists (known as seismologists) to record an earthquake. A seismogram is the recording made by a seismograph.
The seismograph consists of a mass which is attached to a fixed base. When the earthquake occurs, the base shakes along with the ground. On the other hand, the string to which the mass is attached absorbs the movement and ensures that the mass stays fixed. This relative motion of the base with respect to the mass is recorded.
Interestingly, a seismograph can only tell how far away an earthquake occurred and not its directions. Scientists use a set of three seismographs to determine the exact location of an earthquake through a process called triangulation. Using each seismograph, scientists can draw a circle whose radius is equal to the distance of that seismograph from the earthquake. The point of intersection of three such circles (recorded by three independent seismographs) will give us the exact location of an earthquake.
I hope this helps.
https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-hazards/science/science-earthquakes

Why doesn't Joe share the information that he has about his mother's attacker with the people who love him?

The Round House, written by Louise Erdrich, is a novel written from a thirteen-year-old Native American boy's perspective. Joe, the main character of the novel, learns that his mother, Geraldine, has been brutally attacked, and he must deal with the aftermath of this attack. This attack and finding the person responsible gets more complicated due to differences in the federal law processes and the Reservation law practies, as well as the fact that Joe's mother cannot remember where exactly the attack took place.
When Joe first discovers that his mother's attacker has been arrested and put in jail, he and his father are both relieved. However, due to the fact that Geraldine does not know exactly where this attack took place and to the change in legal jurisdictions between types of law, the attacker is released.
Joe, being a protective thirteen-year-old boy, wants to help his mother escape from the fear that has taken over her life because of this attack. Joe begins doing research on this man and decides not to share any of the information with the people he loves for multiple reasons. One reason that Joe does not want to share this information with anyone but his best friends is because he does not want to get in trouble with his father. Joe has been eavesdropping on his father's conversations about this attack and has been warned to leave the situation alone. Another reason that Joe does not want to share this information with his family is that he wants to take care of this matter on his own to prove that he is growing up. Joe knows that his mother is still afraid and decides to take matters into his own hands.
A third possible reason that Joe doesn't want to share any information about his mother's attacker is his own guilt. While Joe is searching for details about his mother's attack, he finds a gas can, beer, and an old doll. Inside the doll, Joe finds 40,000 dollars, which he puts away in college funds. When an FBI agent visits his house, Joe tells the agent about the gas can and beer he and his friends found, but he does not tell them about the doll or the money—two important clues that would have helped solve this mystery.
Joe and his father go grocery shopping one day and run into Geraldine's attacker at the store. When Joe's Father, Bazil, goes after him, he has a heart attack and must go to the hospital. Geraldine, upset that this attacker has now hurt another member of her family, makes statements to Joe that make him think she is going to try to kill the man who attacked her. Joe does not want this man to continue to affect his family and decides to follow through with his own plans.
After his mother's attacker has been killed, Joe begins to feel that he "has a monster inside" of himself. He feels guilty and has nightmares of all the crimes he has committed. Overall, Erdrich captures the mindset of a thirteen-year-old boy quite well and is able to write her story entirely from Joe's perspective.

In Hoot, when Roy went to bed, what did he discover?

I believe that this question is asking about an event that occurs near the very end of chapter sixteen. Roy has spent most of the day hanging out with his family and having fun. They went on an airboat ride earlier in the day, and Roy is tired from it and all of the information that he has been learning about the construction and Dana. Roy goes to bed, and he immediately begins drifting off to sleep only to be brought back to full consciousness when he hears his name being called from beneath the bed. It turns out that it is Beatrice Leep. She has been hiding out under his bed for quite some time waiting for him to get home. Her own home family situation is not good at this particular moment, and she tells Roy that she didn't know where else to go. Roy suggests that she stay the night at his place, and Beatrice is super thankful.

Can you pinpoint a place where Creon starts to change his mind? What causes this? How do you feel about Creon at the end of the play?

Creon's resolve to punish Antigone begins to waver when Tiresias tells him that his actions will come back to haunt him through the loss of his own children and the gods taking their vengeance upon all of Thebes itself. Horrified by this, Creon begins to change his mind about how to treat Antigone for her civil disobedience, which was more motivated by piety and love than a desire to hurt anyone.
Creon realizes he has defied the gods in burying a human alive. He decides to free Antigone, but it is too late. He condemns himself for all he has done.
At the end of the play, despite all Creon has done, one might feel pity for him. He realizes the error of his ways and mourns the loss of human life more than the loss of his own pride. Creon has become a sadder but wiser man, lending some redemptive quality to the tragedy.

Do Axl and Beatrice end up in their son's village in The Buried Giant?

At the end of The Buried Giant, Axl and Beatrice go separate ways. Throughout the novel, both parents struggle with memory loss caused by exposure to the dragon Querig’s mist. Their journey to find their son is also their journey to recover those memories. They alternate between confidence that they will find him and guilt that his leaving was somehow their fault. The situation improves after Querig is killed. Near the book’s end, when the couple meets a kind boatman, Beatrice has a stronger memory that their son lives on an island. The boatman agrees to help them journey to the island. Some of her memories are of things that other people told her, including stories about the island, rather than her own experiences. As they converse with the inquisitive boatman, Axl remembers that their son died of plague. Axl’s answers do not satisfy the boatman, who will only take Beatrice to the island.

What is the role of women in the poem "The Lover Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"?

In a word: Perplexing.
Women appear in several places in the poem, both directly and indirectly. He notes that

In the room the women come and go
Talking of Michelangelo.

In context, the women in these conversations seem vapid and lofty. Yes, they can engage in superficially educated conversations, but they "come and go," not staying to discuss the art deeply. Michelangelo is a well-known artist with whom most people are marginally familiar, at least. Therefore, this reference seems especially unflattering of women, especially when considered in the context of the previous stanza. The speaker and an unnamed "you" have had restless nights spent in cheap hotels and have argued with "insidious intent."

Later the speaker blames the vices of women for his frequent state of frustrations:


Is it perfume from a dress
That makes me so digress?



The smell of a woman causes him to feel settled. He notes that his days are passing one by one, one coffee spoon and one afternoon at at time, and women offer nothing in the variety of life:


And I have known the arms already, known them all—
Arms that are braceleted and white and bare



One woman is the same as the next. There is even a note that they try to deceive him with their white, bare arms with his parenthetical statement that

(But in the lamplight, downed with light brown hair!)

If they are deceptive about their arm hair, what else could they be deceiving him about? They are suspicious creatures, and even the perfumes they adorn themselves with lead him astray.

His concluding stanzas present a hypothetical question:


And would it have been worth it, after all,
Would it have been worth while,



If he commits to one woman and commits to spending his afternoons, porcelain, cups, and novels with her exclusively, will it all be worth it? Or will he forever feel misunderstood in his relationships with women:


If one, settling a pillow by her head
Should say: “That is not what I meant at all;
That is not it, at all.”



The speaker's tone toward women is not one of love and adoration; in fact, he seems to struggle with connecting with women period.

Give a vivid description of the events that took in the first scene of the play The Tempest.

In the play's opening scene a small ship is being tossed about at sea by a violent storm, the tempest of the title. But this is no ordinary storm; it's been whipped up by the magician Prospero to frighten the ship's passengers. Prospero, the former Duke of Milan, seeks revenge for his overthrow, and the men responsible for his usurpation and subsequent banishment to a remote, uninhabited island are on board the ship now being buffeted by the storm.
We don't yet know any of this, or of the identity of the ship's passengers. All we know at this stage is that the ship looks certain to sink. Two of the VIP guests on board, Sebastian and Alonso, curse the boatswain for what they perceive as his impudence in ordering them to remain below deck while he and the crew try to do their jobs. When they re-emerge from their cabin, the situation, if anything, is even more desperate, so much so that Gonzalo orders the mariners to join with him in prayer for the king. All of a sudden, there's a huge cracking sound; it seems that, despite the best efforts of the crew, the ship's finally ready to give up the ghost and sink.

What was the conversation in the reform club in Around the World in Eighty Days?

A fateful conversation in the Reform Club takes place in chapter 3 of Jules Verne's Around the World in Eighty Days. Not long after he has hired Jean Passepartout as his new valet, Phileas Fogg visits his gentlemen's club as usual and a bit of idle gossip turns into an adventurous wager.
Around a game of whist, Fogg and the other gentlemen discuss a robbery that has been the talk of the country. 50,000 pounds was stolen from the Bank of England, and the thief has escaped, prompting a worldwide search. This sparks a debate about whether or not the man can be found if he could be anywhere. One man suggests that he'll disappear from sight because "the world is big enough." Fogg, however, counters by observing that "it was once," but the world essentially feels smaller now that there are means to travel around it more quickly.
When some of the men scoff at this, Fogg states definitively that the world can be traveled in just 80 days. The other players protest that various strokes of bad luck could interfere, but Fogg maintains that it can be done, and he's willing to bet on it:

"Yes, in eighty days!" exclaimed Stuart, who in his excitement made a false deal. "But that doesn't take into account bad weather, contrary winds, shipwrecks, railway accidents, and so on."
"All included," returned Phileas Fogg, continuing to play despite the discussion.
"But suppose the Hindoos or Indians pull up the rails," replied Stuart; "suppose they stop the trains, pillage the luggage-vans, and scalp the passengers!"
"All included," calmly retorted Fogg; adding, as he threw down the cards, "Two trumps."
Stuart, whose turn it was to deal, gathered them up, and went on: "You are right, theoretically, Mr. Fogg, but practically—"
"Practically also, Mr. Stuart."
"I'd like to see you do it in eighty days."
"It depends on you. Shall we go?"
"Heaven preserve me! But I would wager four thousand pounds that such a journey, made under these conditions, is impossible."
"Quite possible, on the contrary," returned Mr. Fogg.
"Well, make it, then!"
"The journey round the world in eighty days?"
"Yes."
"I should like nothing better."
"When?"
"At once. Only I warn you that I shall do it at your expense."

And so the adventure of the novel begins. Between them all, the gentlemen wager 20,000 pounds. If Fogg fails to travel the world in 80 days, he'll lose half of his fortune, and he suspects the other half will go to making the trip even happen. He's determined to meet the challenge, however, and he is confident in his knowledge and abilities. With Passepartout as his companion, Fogg sets out that very night to prove himself and travel the world.

Why does Santiago treat the fish like a human?

It is not unusual for hunters and fisherman to have great respect for the creatures they prey upon. The word "prey" is a key element here, because a part of that reason is that they see themselves as links in the grand food chain of our planet. Humans are an alpha predator to most everything that walks, flies and swims. In the sense of the food chain and the ecosystem, it doesn't mean the higher levels are necessarily better. They're just born to be hunters, just like others are born to be prey. Some are both, like the marlin itself.
Thus, Santiago feels a sort of kinship with the fish. To him, it's not that different from a human, because they share similar experiences. Hunger drives all life on Earth. When a living being, human or fish, wants to eat, they go and find some. On that day, the marlin just happened to be caught and a part of Santiago is sorry for that, because the marlin is such a worthy adversary. It is a great hunter, just like he is. Santiago respects the marlin's wish to live, its will to fight for it. That feeling grows as the marlin tries to trick him and use cleverness instead of brute force. As hours and days go by, Santiago finds that there isn't much that really differentiates him from the marlin. They are both strong, stubborn, ready to suffer and fight for their goal.
Another reason for why many hunters and fisherman have sympathy and respect for animals is that there is no separator between them and their food. Most humans eat fish that someone else has caught, meat that someone else has killed. So for us, the connection between our food and something living is lesser. But Santiago feels the fish with every fibre of his body and being. He feels the marlin fight for its life, feels its desperate struggle and mad anger. It's no wonder he feels compassion and appreciation. His own needs and the needs of the village will come first, since they must eat. But Santiago is grateful to the marlin for its ultimate sacrifice, knowing that if he were prey, caught on a line, he would fight just as fiercely.

Santiago has been a fisherman for many years. It is a way of life for him. His success in earlier years was achieved in part through his deep knowledge of the sea (which is female in this story) and her creatures' habits. In some ways, Santiago identifies more with sea life than with other human beings.
Santiago realizes soon after the marlin takes the hook that it is unusual, certainly the largest he has ever caught. The fish is male, like he is. He calls to him softly. Santiago's profound respect for the fish extends into his thinking about the strategy to keep him, a mental exercise in which he anticipates the fish's ideas about his actions.
It is almost like the marlin allowed himself to be caught, aligned in camaraderie with Santiago. Perhaps it is not so much that Santiago treats the fish like a human; perhaps he just feels they share some essential elements of being.

Discuss the role of interest groups in the American political system. First, identify and define at least three types of interest group, giving an example of each. Second, explain at least three ways in which interest groups can influence the government (again, be specific). Finally, identify and describe at least one potential ethical problem that the influence of interest groups on the government can produce.

Interest groups can amplify the interests of a segment of the citizenry, in both positive and negative ways. Generally, they are portrayed as having a negative influence on politics because they seem to distort the work of government by seeking undue influence over legislation. One's perspective on the role of interest groups, however, likely aligns with one's preference for the cause any specific group is pushing. By aggregating the individual power of aligned interests, these groups can work as a coalition to focus attention on a particular cause. They create awareness and sensitivity that might not otherwise occur.
There are many different types of interest groups: economic, governmental, religious, civil rights, and single-issue groups.
Economic groups include specific industry (oil and gas, tech, finance, etc.), trade associations (AFL-CIO), and professional groups (AMA or HMO). Government interest groups might include cities, mayors, or governors who band together to influence federal policy. Religious groups have gained considerable traction in recent decades with the GOP in advancing conservative Catholic and Protestant agendas concerning gay rights and abortion. Civil rights groups like the NAACP seek policies that protect the marginal in society, usually women and ethnic or racial minorities. Single-issue groups focus on one specific area, like the NRA (gun rights), NARAL (abortion), or MADD (drunk driving).
During an election, interest groups can influence policy by endorsing certain candidates that reflect their interests. In the past, these endorsements (from the police, from teachers, from labor unions, from pro-life groups, pro-gun groups, anti-tax groups, and such) can bring several voters to the candidate. They also can pay for campaign ads, relieving the campaign of this expense. In doing so, they narrow the types of issues that may be considered in a free and open election. In order to win, aspiring candidates need to pass a litmus test and are pilloried during the next election cycle if they deviate from expectations. This can sometimes create the impression that a candidate is "owned" by a special interest. George W. Bush, for instance, likely lost his second election for backtracking on a "no new taxes" pledge, even though in retrospect raising taxes seemed to have been a prudent decision.
These groups can also influence policy by crafting legislation and seeking an elected official to sponsor it. This is the most benign way that a group can express and advance its interests. This type of lobbying could be considered a proper use of free speech within representative government. When a public figure agrees with the issue, no ethical conflict seems apparent. Hiring experts to craft language around an issue is more efficient than individual citizens each calling their representatives, and this brings legislation to the floor for a vote more quickly.
However, finding a representative to take up someone else's legislation often involves the group making a payment to the congressperson's campaign. Running for office has become incredibly costly, and much of the House of Representative's two-year term is spent preparing and fundraising for the next election. Interest groups adopt a certain "pay to play" mentality in which they contribute campaign donations in expectation of their interests being advanced.
Ethical dilemmas surface when moneyed interests block representatives from serving their districts and the general population. Elected officials work best when they take in the full picture and make decisions for the country as a whole. Moneyed interests in politics, whether during an election cycle or during the legislative process, can greatly distort that perspective. At the beginning of the 2019 legislative session, HR1 has addressed this problem with a dark money reform hearing.
At the hearing, newly elected congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez highlighted the way perfectly legal influence-peddling can occur (see the C-SPAN hearing). While she was being somewhat ironic here, and was somewhat erroneously suggesting that only dark money influences government, she does draw attention to some of the ethical concerns that interest groups and lobbyists can create in a democracy.

How did writing and literature come into being?

Many historians concur that writing came into existence in Mesopotamia in the fourth millennium BCE, although isolated texts from Greece, Romania, Egypt, and China from the sixth millennium BCE are also under consideration. Ultimately, the exact point of origin of writing is less important than the fact that the most substantial evidence we have of early writing systems is from Mesopotamia (current Iraq) and that early writing was designed as a means of accounting for agricultural goods, not for literature. Writing comes into being as technology designed for accounting and supply maintenance. Its adaptation for literary purposes is much later; one thinks, for example, of the Middle Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh of the Egyptian texts pertaining to the afterlife.
Literature, it should be stressed, has its roots in oral tradition, not in writing. In the context of Ancient Greece, for example, the oral traditions that would later be codified into the written Homeric epics were maintained through memory and song, not through textuality. As early as the eighth century BCE (some scholars point toward the seventh century BCE instead), writing had come into play not only in Ancient Greece but in Ancient Israel as well, as demonstrated by some of the earliest prophetic texts. Writing, then, shows up in the Ancient near the eastern and later pan-Mediterranean environment for varied purposes, including the singing of laws. Singing the laws enabled the largely illiterate populace to memorize the dicta of the law, by virtue of meter and stock, idiomatic phrasing.
Poetry, and indeed "literature" as such, is a late development in the career of written language. We should look first to priestly book-keeping, agriculture, accounting, and the law before we look to writing in the context of literature. To be sure, writing is prominently known for its literary role today, but at its inception, it was a working technology employed by priestly record-keepers and lawmakers.
https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/ancient_mesopotamia.pdf

What is the character sketch of the Lady of Shalott?

The Lady of Shalott, the title character of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's poem, is a dynamic character, meaning that she grows as a person over the course of the ballad. As the poem begins, the Lady is living a routine existence isolated in a tower on the island of Shalott. More than isolated, she is stuck in position so that she doesn't even come to the tower window. No one ever sees her, but they hear her singing. She spends her day weaving because she is under a curse that will take effect if she stops. As part of the curse, she cannot look toward Camelot. As a way of dealing with the lot she's been given, she rigs up a mirror that reflects the world beyond her window. She weaves the sights that she sees into a tapestry. For a while she is satisfied to do so, but one night she sees a newlywed couple in her mirror. This causes her to say, "I am half sick of shadows."
Soon she sees and hears another passerby who makes her even more discontented with her situation. Sir Lancelot, shining and singing, rides by. Whether she thinks it through consciously or makes a spur of the moment mistake, she leaves her loom to look at the handsome knight. When the loom breaks and the mirror chacks, she perceives that the curse has been activated. Rather than lamenting her fate, she decides to make the most of whatever time she has left to her. She leaves the tower, gets in a boat after inscribing it with her name, and floats toward Camelot. Her stare is "glassy" because she understands that she is doomed. She lies down in the boat as it winds toward Camelot. As she drifts along, she sings "a carol, mournful, holy, chanted loudly, chanted lowly." Her holy chant is reminiscent of a nun, which is significant in two ways: She presumably never married, and she is considered a virtuous woman. She keeps singing until she dies. The respect paid to her by the residents of Camelot—and Lancelot in particular—confirms that she is a woman who made brave and noble choice.
Tennyson doesn't give readers enough information to fully analyze the Lady of Shalott's character. Some might believe she made a reckless decision to risk death for the mere look at a passing knight. Others may applaud her willingness to grab whatever joy she could and her decision to risk her life for an ideal. The way Camelot honors her implies that Tennyson intended readers to think well of his heroine, who defied her unfair imprisonment and chose to go out in a blaze of glory.

In what way are the twins "seeing Ralph for the first time" before they all set off for the Castle Rock?

Ralph undergoes tremendous character changes throughout William Golding's harrowing novel Lord of the Flies. In the beginning, Ralph's confidence and use of the conch give him the appearance of leadership. This leadership seems to guide the boys along for a time, but without maturity or proper organization, this leadership is fragile.
After Simon's murder and the theft of Piggy's glasses, the twins finally see Ralph without his guise of leadership and certainty. Ralph has lost control of the boys, and any order the conch once provided died with Simon. For the first time, the twins see Ralph not as a smooth-talking leader of a capable camp but as a desperate kid.
In this moment, the twins surely realize Ralph never actually had any power. The power was in his followers, and his followers have moved on to Castle Rock.

When was "The Road Not Taken" published?

Robert Frost's "The Road Not Taken" was published in 1916. However, Frost probably wrote this poem a year or two years earlier, in 1914 or 1915, in the early years of the World War I. He wrote it during a period spent in England, when he met the Welsh writer Edward Thomas. The pair would often go walking together; the poem was meant as a humorous comment on Thomas's chronic indecisiveness—although neither Thomas, nor many other readers, interpreted it in this way. Frost sent the poem to Thomas directly and, when Thomas took it as a call to action, wrote back to explain the joke. Thomas replied that if Frost wanted the poem to be read as a joke, he had probably better point out to people where they should laugh.
Ultimately, Thomas enlisted in the British Army and was killed in World War I.

"The Road Not Taken" was published in 1916, in a volume of poetry called Mountain Interval. Although we tend to think of it as an American poem, it was actually written in England. According to Helen Smith in the book An Uncommon Reader, the poem arose from walks Frost took in the English countryside with British poet Edward Thomas. Thomas apparently would sometimes take a long time pondering which way they should go when they came to a crossroads while walking.
Although urged to go to the United States at the beginning of World War I, Thomas enlisted in the British army and was killed in the war.
Even though it is set in England rather than New England, the timeless quality and universal message of the poem seem to suggest that it could have been written in any number of places.

"The Road Not Taken" was published in 1916.

How is the theme of love and hate developed in Romeo and Juliet?

Despite its lushly romantic reputation, in Romeo and Juliet love and hate tend to go together. Right from the very moment that Romeo first claps eyes on his beloved Juliet, it's tragically obvious that, if their love is to prevail, it will need to overcome the immense hatred and bitterness that exists between their respective families. Even more tragically, we know from the Prologue that the "star-cross'd lovers" will never be able to achieve this.
Nevertheless, Romeo and Juliet do make a pretty good fist of trying to ensure that love conquers hate. Even as the bodies are piling up around them—with Tybalt and Mercutio two more victims of the long, drawn-out feud between the Montagues and the Capulets, the young lovers are still able to remain true to each other, which, under the circumstances, is a truly remarkable feat.
Yet even so, Romeo himself succumbs to hate when he kills Tybalt in revenge for Mercutio's death. Popular opinion may hold that love and hate are diametrically opposite, but Romeo's killing of Tybalt shows us that there's often a very fine line between them. For in this particular case, Romeo's hatred of Tybalt arises out of his love for his stricken friend Mercutio.

How does domestic policy help the government fulfill its part of the social contract? Cite specific policies and link them to the purposes of government.

The idea of a social contract between a government and its people is predicated on the assumption that, when left without governance, humans tend towards anarchy, chaos, and violence—which are in no one's best interest. Based on this assumption, it is therefore beneficial to enter into a social contract, wherein certain rights are given up to a governing body in exchange for certain privileges, like protection. This concept is different than inalienable rights (which exist independent from any social contract), though it often includes some "rights" that aid in successful utilitarian governance.
A great example of this idea is the tacit agreement that individuals will not conquer land, owned or otherwise. Essentially speaking, all humans have the ability claim to the land around them; it is within their power to settle and inhabit this land, particularly uninhabited land. Obviously, this is a matter of ability—humans are capable of "conquering" their neighbors, but there is a moral or ethical question that arises from this action.
By agreeing not to act on this ability, and allowing the government to dictate what land is permissible for use and what land is restricted—either because it is owned by another individual or because it is protected by the government—an individual is engaging in a social contract. The government, in this way, then fulfills its obligation in this social contract by protecting the interests and safety of the society at large by sustaining this restriction; the government prevents someone from going out and claiming entire neighborhoods and cities for their own, as the citizens that inhabit these spaces have agreed not to do this.
There are many other examples of how the government protects the interests of society by regulating the communal sacrifice of certain "rights" or abilities (most notably the ability to use deadly force, which is punishable by law). In this way, the government fulfills its duty according to the social contract. Some individuals may argue that it is an infringement of "rights," but that is the very nature of the social contract: a relinquishing of "rights" in exchange for certain benefits.

What are the lessons Lazarillo wants to teach the readers in this story? While answering this question please consider the significance of the form: as it is framed as a personal story told in the form of an autobiography.

What the character Lazarillo ostensibly wants the reader to learn and what the author wants are both relevant to your question. Lazarillo is of humble birth, and he must use his wits constantly just to survive. The mere fact of his survival is, for him, one of the most important lessons. Lazarillo constantly calls attention to the mechanisms that he uses, both honest and deceptive, to stay alive—including not dying of starvation. The author also encourages the reader to admire Lazarillo’s cunning. This quality is the essence of the picaresque hero, of which Lazarillo is one of the first; he remains iconic among all representations.
In contrast, however, Lazarillo’s pride in his accomplishments begins to come across in a negative way as he makes his way up the social ladder. Although he justifies his actions by emphasizing the negative qualities—even sins—of those he deceives, after a while his accusations of hypocrisy start to ring hollow. To advance his own stature, he adopts the ways of those he criticized. In this respect, the character’s goals and the author’s goals diverge. As this is a work of social satire, the reader obviously is not intended to admire Lazarillo when he indulges in the same vices as the people he took to task. The kindness and charity of his patrons, for him, offsets their corruption and even depravity. His lovely wife, for example, came to him through the archpriest’s kindness, but soon it is revealed that this priest fathered three children with her. While Lazarillo can set aside these transgressions, the author is not suggesting that the reader should do the same.

Barth (2006) suggests the "STEM" process for legally managing at work: explain each of these ideas.

In Stephen Barth's and David Hayes's formulation, the STEM acronym stands for "Select," "Teach," "Educate," and "Manage." Barth and Hayes argue that this process will help employers reduce employee error and, in turn, the likelihood of litigation.
"Select" refers to choosing the right person for any given position; this involves closely adhering to the stated requirements for any given position. The individual selected must have the appropriate qualifications, each of which can be verified.
"Teach" pertains to employee training; this should follow clearly defined methods. Success in this regard should also be evaluated with feedback mechanisms, such as competency tests.
"Educate" is concerned with managers' responsibilities and activities for self-education; managers should stay up-to-date and actively refresh their knowledge. This enables them to pass relevant information on to employees.
"Manage" refers to the consistent and accurate performance of duties, which will greatly help reduce any likelihood of litigation. Planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating are considered the four core functions of management.
https://books.google.com/books?id=-AYK0KGLANoC&dq=barth+stem+management&source=gbs_navlinks_s

What attracted settlers to the middle colonies? Where else did they explore?

People immigrated to the Middle Colonies for different reasons. Some, such as the Quakers, came to Pennsylvania for religious freedom. Others, such as Germans, immigrated to Pennsylvania for economic opportunities following the Thirty Year's War (1618-1648), which had destroyed much of their land. Some, including the Mennonites and Amish, also came for religious freedom. There was a diversity of religions, which also included Presbyterians and Dutch Calvinists, and people practiced their religions freely.
In addition, the land in the Middle Colonies was generally fertile, unlike the rocky, less fertile land in New England. Therefore, the Middle Colonies drew immigrants who intended to farm and grow crops such as rye and wheat. The port cities of New York and Philadelphia offered opportunities for immigrants. New York was a center of shipping for furs and timber, and it was also a center of manufacturing of materials such as nails and plows made from iron ore.

Why did the Thirteen Colonies declare independence?

The thirteen British colonies in North America declared independence for a few reasons. The decision to declare independence, however, was not welcomed by all segments of the colonial population. Those Americans who remained loyal to Britain were known as Loyalists, and they may have made up as much one-third of the population.
Britain and its colonies on the Eastern seaboard of North America got along relatively well for more than a century. The trading relationship between the two—based on mercantilism—favored London, but the colonies and mother country were linked by a common culture, language, and history.
Britain defeated France in 1763 and expelled the French from North America. After that, the relationship soured. The colonists realized that they no longer needed British protection, but London insisted on keeping garrisons of its troops in the colonies. Also, a number of new and unpopular taxes were introduced in North America. There were also violent incidents, like the Boston Tea party and the Boston Massacre.
The first battle occurred by accident at Lexington and Concord in 1775. One year later, the colonists declared independence.

What kind of friend has Uno become to Danny?

The development of the friendship between Danny and the other kids is a theme throughout the book. Although Danny feels like an outsider much of the time, he does gradually get to know the others, and he becomes friends with some people who initially did not make him feel welcome. His participation in baseball both advances and impedes some of those changes. His friendship with Uno is among those we follow through the book.
Baseball initially is a wedge driven between Uno and Danny. At first, Uno resents Danny for being better at baseball, and he hits Danny, using the excuse that Danny hit his brother. Over time, however, baseball brings the two together. One day while Danny is starting to work out, Uno interrupts him with a story about why he quit organized baseball. Danny realizes that it took a lot for Uno to confide in him.
Later, Uno helps Danny with baseball through practicing with him. Danny gradually comes to realize his pitching talent might be something special. Uno acts as his catcher. At the point where they are going to separate, as Danny is returning home, Uno

wonders if the kid’s tired of this setup. Throwing pitches to a regular old catcher. He’s known all along that this is a temporary thing, that Danny would eventually move on to bigger and better things.

Uno is surprised to find that saying goodbye is going to be hard; that idea “[m]akes him feel kind of soft.”
Having a friend in Uno, as the team faces the rival Leucadias, helps Danny feel like a part of his new community and understand that his own pitching is just one component of his personality.
https://books.google.com/books/about/Mexican_WhiteBoy.html?id=XvCIO26-TxwC

How is the theme of outward show seen in Bassanio’s speech in act 3, scene 2 of The Merchant of Venice?

As he gets ready to take the casket test, Bassanio makes a little speech. And in that speech, he shows an understanding of the principle behind the test devised by Portia's late father. The old man wanted to make sure that those gold-diggers who'd beat a path to his daughter's door would be so dazzled by the riches on offer that they'd make the wrong choice of casket, thus leaving the field open to a man who loved Portia for herself.
Bassanio is that man. And in his little speech, he shows how much he understands that all that glitters isn't gold:

So may the outward shows be least themselves. The world is still deceived with ornament. (act 3, scene 2)

The world may be deceived with ornament, but not Bassanio. He wisely plumps for the "humble" lead casket, inside of which is a picture of Portia. As he makes his choice, he reflects on how the lead casket threatens more than it promises, but nonetheless draws him towards it, its paleness speaking more eloquently than any words:

But thou, thou meagre lead, Which rather threaten’st than dost promise aught, Thy paleness moves me more than eloquence, And here choose I. Joy be the consequence! (act 3, scene 2)

What did Lina and Doon see as they looked over the cliff in the cave?

In Chapter 20, Lina and Doon see the city of Ember as they look over the cliff into the cave.
Both children have to walk carefully through a tunnel to get to the edge of the cliff. The journey seems even more challenging because they have Poppy with them, Lina's baby sister. Effectively, the city of Ember is situated in a vast cavern at the bottom of the plunging cliff.
The children are amazed at their discovery and decide to send the city of Ember a message. So, they drop Doon's letter (which he originally wrote to Clary) down to the city. The letter explains how to get out of the city of Ember. Before Lina and Doon drop the letter down to Ember, they add a short message to it.
In the message, Lina and Doon tell the people of Ember that they have found a place that is "green . . . and very big." They instruct the people to follow the letter's instructions and to head for the river. Lina and Doon also tell the people to bring food with them and to join them as quickly as possible. Then, the children wrap the letter and a rock inside Doon's shirt. Lina then drops the entire package down into the city of Ember.

What is the thesis in "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"?

Hemingway’s “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” is intentionally vague and interpretations will vary. I do, however, believe a clear case could be made for the following: Francis Macomber, despite having been killed, ends up the happiest out of all of the characters, because he experienced a personal transformation that Wilson and Mrs. Macomber likely never will.

Macomber felt a wild unreasonable happiness that he had never known before. "By God, that was a chase," he said. "I’ve never felt any such feeling. Wasn’t it marvellous, Margot?"
"I hated it." "Why?" "I hated it," she said bitterly. "I loathed it."
"You know I don’t think I’d ever be afraid of anything again," Macomber said to Wilson . . . [His] face was shining. "You know something did happen to me. I feel absolutely different."

Francis got to experience an apparent end to his lifelong chronic fear, a transformation of the self that lasted the rest of his (short, happy) life, hence the title. He changed for the better in ways that Wilson and Margot, it is implied, never will. This is reflected in Margot’s constant cutting remarks to Francis, most notably her cynical response to his happiness: “Isn’t it sort of late?” Nothing is good enough for her given what she has already gone through, and she doesn’t see positive change as valuable if it’s happened after considerable time and effort. In her mind, whatever good that happens should have happened a long time ago. And after she shoots her husband, Wilson treats her with condescension, and she continues to be upset—in other words, her life isn’t going to get better like Francis’s did.
Wilson, for his part, continues to be cruel and controlling. Cruel in the sense that, while he is disappointed that Francis was killed and says as much, he doesn’t express any large amount of grief or distress. His disappointment is more in Margot’s behavior than in Francis’s death. This is reflected in the last line: “‘That’s better,’ Wilson said. ‘Please is much better. Now I’ll stop.’” He seems to be more interested in holding power over her than in making her see the error of her ways. Neither character is any better off for having killed Francis, while Francis, though dead, experienced a complete character transformation.

How is work and leisure represented in Hart Crane's poem "To Brooklyn Bridge"?

In his poem to the Brooklyn Bridge, Hart Crane conjures up a vision of the majestic, sweeping panorama that the bridge creates across the river. He raises images of the workers who built the bridge as well as the New Yorkers who work during the day and use the bridge to take them to their leisure activities after work.
Among the images of work are

Some page of figures to be filed away;
—Till elevators drop us from our day . . .

Here he refers to bookkeepers or accountants who write numbers on pages and put them in file cabinets when they finish work, then take the elevator down from their office.
The poet also compares the processes of building the bridge and welding the iron with acetylene torches to the brilliant light in the sky. Implicit in "Wall" are the people working in finance on Wall Street.

Down Wall, from girder into street noon leaks,
A rip-tooth of the sky’s acetylene . . .

The images of leisure concern people going to the movies. He also compares the "silver" screen of the cinema to the color of the bridge under the sun.

I think of cinemas, panoramic sleights
With multitudes bent toward some flashing scene
Never disclosed, but hastened to again,
Foretold to other eyes on the same screen;
And Thee, across the harbor, silver-paced
As though the sun took step of thee . . .
https://poets.org/poem/brooklyn-bridge

What is the one permanent ambition of the narrator and his boyhood friends?

In Life on the Mississippi, Mark Twain states that his overriding ambition as a boy was to be a steamboatman, an ambition he shared with his friends. To be sure, these young lads weren't exactly career-orientated at such a young age, so they thought about alternative occupations such as circus clown or pirate. (The latter, of course, is reflected in the exploits of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn, who love nothing more than playing at pirates). But although young Sam Clemens and his friends may dream about what other kinds of career they might pursue when they get older, their thoughts always return to being steamboatmen.
This isn't really surprising when you consider just how important a role the steamboat played in the town of Hannibal and countless other communities along the Mississippi. Steamboats brought with them mail, goods, news of the outside world. They pointed to the existence of a much bigger world outside, a world that seemed so exciting to youngsters like Sam and his friends. Not only that, but steamboat pilots were relatively well-paid; they could earn in two months what a preacher would make in a whole year.

What are some reasons the European settlers came to America?

European settlers were motivated by "Gold, God, and Glory." They had economic, religious, and social reasons to settle in the New World.
Trade and the acquisition of wealth motivated them. In the fifteenth century, trade with Asia and access to Asian spices were important. However, it was difficult for Western Europeans to access Asian trade directly. Therefore, both Spain and Portugal sought new routes to the East Indies. Portugal eventually made it by going around Africa. Spain tried going West with Columbus's voyage. Spanish 'conquistadors' (conquerors) led the way in the New World. They subdued the Aztec and Inca empires. The Spanish were ruthless and avaricious, and they acquired gold and silver. Indians were killed by their guns or diseases. Later, both France and England acquired land in North America and engaged in trade. New France had a fur trade.
Religion was also a powerful incentive. Priests went to New France to convert the Indians. Spanish priests accompanied the conquistadors. Prior to 1492, Spain was defeating the last Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula and spreading Christianity to newly conquered areas. Spain continued this pattern in the New World. In English North America, the religious motives were different. The English were not converting many Indians. But many English settlers went to North America in search of religious freedom.
Glory was also an incentive for both individuals and nation states. Spanish conquistadors came from a humble background, and they knew they could become fabulously wealthy and acquire status in the New World. Nations also wanted to enjoy the prestige that came with the acquisition of empire. For many men, there were few opportunities in Europe, so undertaking a difficult voyage to the New World often seemed worth the risk. Nation states had the resources to underwrite their voyages.

For a comparative politics essay, I need information on Australia and Canada comparing their bilateral relations with the United Kingdom. I also want to know the components of bilateral relations between countries so that I can get a better understanding of the kind of information to research. Lastly, do you have any suggestions on websites with information on these subjects, specifically on the relations between these countries?

Thank you for your thoughtful question! Bilateral relations refer to the cultural, political, and economic (trade) interactions between two countries. In discussing these interactions between any two countries, you’ll want to research a little history of their relationship. Australia was a colony of Britain, for example, so they share a cultural heritage and have a common language. They also share a military and political history, and their economies have been intricately linked for centuries. Canada was also under British rule at various times. The interactions of these countries over time can only be understood in the context of their shared history.
In discussing bilateral relations between two countries, you could focus on trade, politics, culture, or, depending on the scope of your essay, discuss all three of them. The sources linked below provide information and insight on these relationships. Also, as you research, note key words that denote major ideas you might decide to focus on, and then conduct key word searches using these terms. For example, you might search for the terms “Australia,” “Great Britain,” and “trade relations,” or you might search for “Canada,” “Great Britain,” and “cultural exchange.” Do not rely on Wikipedia for a citation, as it is not recognized as a reliable source. However, you can sometimes start with a Wikipedia search to get a general overview of the topic and identify key ideas and terms to search. You can also use an encyclopedia such as the Britannica to get an overview of the topic and focus your essay. After this initial overview, government websites are good sources to consult for primary information on comparative politics.
https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Joint/Foreign_Affairs_Defence_and_Trade/tradewithUK/Interim_Report/section?id=committees%2Freportjnt%2F024101%2F25066

https://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/united_kingdom-royaume_uni/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/index.aspx?lang=eng

https://www.rba.gov.au/speeches/2013/sp-gov-181013.html