What was life like for indentured servants in the colonies?

While slavery was prevalent in the colonies, indentured servitude may well have been the preferred choice for labor. An indenturing contract occurred when a man, woman, or child entered into a voluntary agreement to provide labor services for a period of time in exchange for something of value. Usually, the period of service was four to seven years, and the exchange was for land, passage to the colonies, or something else of value.
There was a biblical basis, with Hebrews indenturing themselves to other people of the same faith for repayment of debts or other reasons. The tradition of indentured service was established long before it became a practice in England and as a way of populating the colonies. It may have been preferred over slavery because when the time of the contract expired, the person indentured would receive the agreed-upon compensation. Being that the contract was voluntary, was certain to end on a specific date, and promised compensation when the contract terminated, the worker would be theoretically more motivated to work than coerced slave labor with no end or no compensation. However, the indentured servant's contract was treated as the property of the owner. The contract could be bought, sold, traded, or passed on as an inheritance.
A large population of laborers was needed to colonize the Americas. Encouraging people to leave the routine civilized life of England for the unknown and difficult life in the colonies was not an easy sale. Indentured servant contracts provided some incentives and protection for both the servant and contract owner. Laws in Virginia and Maryland offered some protection to labor under the indentured servant system. These were known as the Headright System. Under the Headright System, the contracts usually stipulated the owner provide the servant with passage to the colonies, room, and board while working. Once the contract was fulfilled, the indentured servant would be compensated per the contract and was under no obligation to continue to provide services to the owner of the contract.
Life for indentured servants was better by comparison to life for slaves, but it was still harsh. It is estimated by some historians that as much as sixty percent of the indentured servants died before receiving the benefits of completing the contract. Once in the colonies, unscrupulous owners might renege on portions of the contract, and the workers, not being property owners or having little education, would have no legal recourse. Women were subject to varying degrees of harassment. In some instances, women who became pregnant during the term of the contract could have their indentured time extended. Child laborers were subjected to all types of abuse and placed in many inappropriate work situations that were dangerous. Abuse of the system was not always the case, but the working conditions generally were harsh, difficult, and oftentimes not much better than the poverty many had experienced in their home countries.
The majority of indentured servants were young, uneducated, and poor. They worked manual labor jobs from sunrise to sunset, usually six days per week with a half a day's rest on Sundays. Though they were promised a better life in return for service for a short time, the reality was that many indentured servants did not live to see their freedom or earn the compensation promised in exchange for their efforts.
https://guides.loc.gov/american-women-law

https://www.stratfordhall.org/educational-resources/teacher-resources/indentured-servants/

https://www.ushistory.org/us/5b.asp

What is the wanderer seeking?

The wanderer seems to be seeking both understanding and peace in this poem. He speaks of the family and friends he has lost over the years, most of them killed during war. He has been hardened by life and by battle. The narrator paints the wanderer as a lonely man who is "never too hasty with feelings." Nonetheless, the wanderer feels compelled to tell his stories and share his grief.
The poet uses imagery of great stone walls, frigid landscapes, and frosty mornings to illustrate the wanderer's own coldness. He is a man who has lived many winters and who has lost many people he loved. These losses have taken a great toll on his spirit. As he shares his stories, he is sharing a part of himself that he tries so hard to keep from the world.
In the sixth stanza, the wanderer explains how he views everything on this earth as temporary: "Here is treasure lent, here is a friend lent, here is a man lent, here is a kinsman lent." He wants to share what he has learned with others so that they will not make the mistakes that he has made by being "too hasty with feelings" and "too hot with words."
The horrors the wanderer has experienced still live vividly in his memories. To find peace, and to understand all that he has been through, he talks through the memories but ultimately "sits alone with his mystery."

What was Ted Friedman's “accumulative advantage" in chapter five?

Ted Friedman became a highly successful lawyer, establishing an impressive record as a litigator in the 1970s.
Ted grew up poor in the Bronx, New York, in a Jewish immigrant family. Ted started college in New York but finished in Ann Arbor. He had a combination of free tuition, low tuition, scholarships, and wage labor to support him through school.
Ted was born in the 1930s and was ready to work and go to college by about 1950. He became an adult during the post–World War II boom years in the United States. There was a lot of employment available to make all the goods the consumers were buying. In addition, there was a lot of investment in public education. The New York public schools were excellent. And Ted could have gone to City College for free, as it had zero tuition.
Gladwell argues that a key advantage for Ted was that his generation was small. The Depression reduced family size, so by the time the postwar boom hit, companies were scrambling for workers. Ted's main accumulative advantage was when he was born.
https://books.google.com/books?id=ialrgIT41OAC&pg=PT98&lpg=PT98&dq=outliers+friedman+school&source=bl&ots=QV8OPvJuJo&sig=iFa26_SbK6wp2T-sYt867jy0C1w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjPtM6Uk5neAhUt11kKHVENBs0Q6AEwA3oECAkQAQ

What is the meaning of the epigraph in relation to the themes of the story, such as tempting fate?

The epigraph of "The Monkey's Paw" is "Be careful what you wish for, you may receive it." This old saying neatly sums up the whole story in a nutshell, because the main action concerns the Whites' making three wishes on the monkey's paw, each of which results in unforeseen consequences. The Whites do this despite the fact that Sergeant-Major Morris explicitly warns them against it and even throws the paw onto the fire to prevent them from messing around with its dark and deadly powers.
But the paw is retrieved from the fire, and the Whites proceed to make their three wishes, treating the whole thing as a bit of a harmless joke. In doing so, however, they're making a big mistake: they are tempting fate. After each of their three wishes, they do indeed get what they asked for, but not in the way that they'd hoped. This is what the epigraph means: the Whites, in making their wishes, were not careful in thinking through the potentially tragic consequences that would accompany those wishes being fulfilled.

Why would the people of Ember have beehives?

Because of their city's subterranean location, the people of Ember are pretty limited in what kind of food they can produce. They can't raise animals for their meat as they don't have enough of a food surplus to share with them; there's not enough food to go round for the humans, let alone any animals. As for growing fruit and vegetables, well that's becoming increasingly difficult. There's no natural sunlight, and so the greenhouses used for growing plants need to rely on the malfunctioning power supply to nourish the soil. To make matters worse, supplies of canned food are starting to run out, which means that the unfortunate people of Ember are left with little choice but to keep bees for their honey.

What is Rasheed's attitude towards Americans in A Thousand Splendid Suns?

Rasheed often lashes out against one group of people or another. It largely depends on the specific situation or the person he happens to be talking to. For instance, in another one of his epic rants, Rasheed once accused Commander Massoud of being a Communist traitor. Yet later on, in front of Laila—whom he's trying to impress—he says that the CIA should've armed Massoud in the struggle against the Soviets instead of the Mujahideen.
It's clear from this episode and many others like them in the story that Rasheed is only interested in looking out for number one. He doesn't really believe in anything or anyone; all that matters are his own interests. As an opportunist supporter of the Taliban, Rasheed is inevitably hostile towards the United States, seeing them as imperialists who have no business being involved in Afghanistan.

How would Gregory respond to the following set of statements and questions? If Jesus is the son of God, that must mean he did not exist at some point. This does not make sense! How can the Nicene creed say that he was “begotten, not made”?! Furthermore, how can he share the same substance (essence) with God the Father? (You can bring in Athanasius in this if you like.)

The issue of Jesus not existing at some point was central to the Arian controversy and was settled at the Council of Nicaea in 325. Arians claimed "there was a once when he [Jesus] wasn't," and Eusebius of Caesarea and other anti-Arian bishops claimed that Jesus was co-eternal (of one substance) with the God the Father and existed in divine form before he was incarnate. The description "son of God" refers to his incarnation, not his divine nature, although due to the nature of divine time (kairos), his nature as the son is eternal rather than temporary. Finally, time, as we conceive it, is a result of our human limits. God (all three members of the Trinity) exists in eternity, seeing all time simultaneously spread out at once as we might see an entire computer screen at once.
For Jesus being begotten, not made, the creed is emphasizing that he was conceived and born to the Virgin Mary just as any other baby, albeit having been begotten by the Holy Ghost rather than a human father. This refutes the Monophysite and Docetist arguments that Jesus was not fully human and shows him both as fully divine and fully human.
For having the same "substance" as the Father, the main issue is that the Latin "substantia" is a translation of the Greek "ousia" and means "essence" rather than material "stuff' (which would be "hule" in Greek and "materia" in Latin). Thus, the claim is about the nature or inner essence of the Trinity rather than about their physical manifestations.

Bring out the significance of the voice in the story "The Voice" by V. S. Pritchett.

The voice is a symbol of hope amidst the destruction of war. Mr. Morgan, the defrocked priest formerly of the parish, has been hiding in the church, seeking sanctuary from the increasingly deadly German air-raids. Unfortunately for Morgan, this isn't enough to protect him, and the church suffers a direct hit from a German bomb. Morgan is buried beneath the debris, and while his successor—Reverend Lewis—and others try to rescue him, he keeps up his spirits by singing.
Lewis is positively mesmerized by the sound of Morgan's voice, so much so that he's prepared to forgive him for his transgressions. While trying to rescue Morgan, he falls into a tunnel, but fortunately isn't badly hurt. It's then that Morgan explains to Lewis that he sings because he is afraid. Lewis realizes just what he means and soon joins him in song, forming a veritable choir beneath the mounds of rubble.
As well as symbolizing hope, then, the voice also represents fear. Or, to be more precise, it represents the fine line between hope and fear. In the case of Morgan and Lewis, the singing voice expresses the hope that they'll be rescued, as well as the fear that they won't.

Analyze the theme of love throughout The Bluest Eye.

The tragedy of Toni Morrison's first novel, The Bluest Eye, is that love, particularly self-love, seems to be elusive among the members of Lorain, Ohio's black community. The Breedlove family, whose name ironically symbolizes an urge to foster and reap the love that eludes them the most, are a case study in the corrosive effects of racism on a black family.
Cholly Breedlove learns during puberty, particularly during his first sexual encounter with a girl named Darlene, to connect sexuality to brutality. Frustrated by his powerlessness against the white men who objectify him during that encounter, he transfers his rage onto Darlene, setting up a pattern in which he learns to despise black women, particularly those who want to love and depend on him. His marriage to Pauline Breedlove is contentious, and sometimes violent. His relationship with his daughter, Pecola, culminates in violence when he rapes her.
Pauline is treated as though she is subhuman because she is a black woman. While she is giving birth to Pecola, a doctor enters her hospital room with a group of medical students and describes how she and other black women supposedly give birth as ably as horses. Pauline is saddened by the doctor's inability to recognize her pain. The only role in which she garners any respect is as the maid of a wealthy white family and the nanny of their little blonde daughter. The little girl looks like the sort that Pecola wants to become so that she, too, can be doted upon as her own mother dotes on the girl. Meanwhile, Pauline slaps Pecola for entering the home of her employers without permission and for sullying her immaculate floors.
Pecola's response to being unloved is to convince herself that, if she had blue eyes, she would be adored by everyone. The racism of American society, which idealizes blond, blue-eyed people, has instructed Pecola to believe that only people with these features have value.

What are the major themes of The Perfect Nanny by Leïla Slimani?

The Perfect Nanny by Leïla Slimani is a suspenseful novel that explores common parenting fears by focusing on a shocking fictional crime. From the book's opening, it is clear that the seemingly perfect nanny character, Louise, has killed one of the children in her charge and that the other child may not survive either. While this novel explores many interesting ideas, in this response I will focus on outlining just a few of its key themes.
The commodification of human relationships plays an important role in The Perfect Nanny. The destructive influence of this commodification can be seen in the dynamic between the nanny, Louise, and her employers, Myriam and Paul. When they hire Louise, Myriam and Paul are initially delighted. Louise is described as a "little doll" and a miracle worker due to how she eases their parenting burden. The reference to Louise as a doll implies that Myriam and Paul see her as a kind of commodity, as opposed to a complex human being. While they are thrilled with Louise's extreme attentiveness, as this seems on the surface to be a sign of an employee possessing machine-like zeal and dedication, they don't fully consider what darkness might be driving Louise's obsessiveness.
The Perfect Nanny also explores the social pressures around good parenting and the harsh judgments parents face when they don't live up to expectations. Mothers in particular are often subject to severe judgment and social stigma when they fail in their position as caregivers. Slimani herself noted this form of gender discrimination in an interview with The Cut, commenting on how the story of real-life nanny Louise Woodward (who went on trial for the involuntary manslaughter of an infant in her care) influenced the novel:

I remember when the trial began, the lawyer of Louise said to the mother, if you didn't want something to happen to your child, you should have stayed home. For me, it's so cruel and so violent and so disgusting to say something like this to a mother. That's why I decided to call her Louise: I wanted the reader to remember that it's always the mother who is guilty.

Slimani depicts Paul and Myriam as extremely cautious and protective. They don't entrust their children to the care of a nanny without carefully considering this decision first. In general, they go out of their way to protect their offspring from various dangers. But these persistent attempts to maintain control ultimately fail.
In The Perfect Nanny, parenting is presented as an inherently vulnerable task; there is always the chance that a child will suffer harm, no matter how hard their guardian might try to protect them. This simple, painful truth underpins much of the novel's horror.
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/01/01/the-killer-nanny-novel-that-conquered-france

https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2018/01/the-perfect-nanny-review/551798/

https://www.thecut.com/2018/04/perfect-nanny-author-leila-slimani-on-new-york-nanny-trial.html

You have recently joined a company as international sales manager and you are considering entering new markets in the developing world. You discover a complete absence of any policy regarding ethical issues and decide to present some proposals to your CEO. What would you include in your outline of the proposal? Do you think companies have a duty to set high expectations for human rights?

One of the criticisms of globalism goes right to the heart of your question. Proponents of globalism cite the promotion of Western business ethics in international markets where few or no ethical practices exist. In many countries where American manufacturers set up shop, there is an absence of oversight of ethical employment practices. For example, many countries don’t have minimum wage laws or have such complex regulations that they are virtually unenforceable. In Asian countries in the textile industry, wages for workers start as low as $200 per month measured in American dollars (Global Apparel & Textile Trade and Sourcing Report). Although American companies have agreed to pay a fair minimum wage, offer other benefits, and adhere to American standards of fair labor practices, many manufacturers in foreign countries find ways to circumvent the ethical practice of fair compensation for a day’s work. The cynic will say American companies locate to foreign countries to dodge regulations dealing with wages, benefits, environmental or hazardous chemicals, or liability. Evidence shows only a handful of American countries do not make an effort to adhere to ethical business practices abroad.
The first item of business is to create a collaborative list, with someone who is a resident of the area of the targeted expansion, of the business ethics laws of the country you plan to enter. There are some ethical practices in foreign countries (e.g., bribery) that American companies find abhorrent but are not frowned upon in other parts of the world. The second item is to determine if the ethical standards of the country you plan to enter are so contradictory to the values of your company that entering into the country will shine a negative light on your company. The third item in the presentation is creating a list of the ethical standards both parties agree on. Many Western-style ethical practices have been adopted by emerging countries as a tool to attract tech or renewable energy industries to their countries. The fourth step is to make a list of the cultural differences between the two partners. Ethics can be viewed from a cultural perspective.
The last part of the question deals with how companies should deal with the issue of human rights. The Western business philosophy is based on the notion as the economic conditions of an area improve, the quality of life of people residing in an area improves as well. Human rights violations are a result of high poverty, poor education, sub-standard housing, and increased levels of hunger from food scarcity. In terms of social benefit, companies perceive the establishment of a manufacturing plant or an office as a way to improve the standard of living in a country. Oddly, we view a global company as a living organism. It’s easy to forget all organizations are made of people and, as such, should have a concern for the well-being of individuals. From this lens, there is a responsibility for global organizations to expect and promote high expectations for human rights where they choose to locate.
https://hbr.org/1996/09/values-in-tension-ethics-away-from-home

https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/040715/how-do-business-ethics-differ-among-various-countries.asp

https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/business-ethics/resources/business-ethics-in-china/

How does Cassius persuade Brutus into helping kill Caesar?

Cassius's argument is that Caesar has made himself into a god and is therefore a danger to the Roman state and the Roman tradition of equality among patricians (the Roman upper class). He recalls those instances of having rescued Caesar from drowning and of Caesar nearly dying with fever so that he cried out "as a sick girl." But now, Cassius says, Caesar has the effrontery to make himself the master of all Rome and to "bestride the world like a Colossus."
Brutus is a member of a long-standing patrician family and thus, in Cassius's view, should resent Caesar's pretensions to power. Cassius's appeal to Brutus is both personal and political. Not only is Caesar unfit to be the man in charge, but his dictatorial stance will lead to the destruction of the Republic, the system by which Rome has been governed since the dissolution of the Kingdom.
By extension, in my view, Shakespeare is at least implicitly analogizing the threat of Caesar to Roman freedoms with those threats to English liberty which existed in the past and were dealt with. Since England, like Rome 1500 years earlier, had had its own internal disorders before the stability of Queen Elizabeth's reign, English audiences of Shakespeare's time could easily relate to the arguments used by Cassius to persuade Brutus to act against what was seen as the tyrannical rule of Caesar.

In what ways does music play an important role in Murray's Train Whistle Guitar? Why is music important in the novel?

In Albert Murray's coming-of-age novel Train Whistle Guitar, music—particularly jazz and blues—serves as both the central organizing metaphor for the novel and a strong influence on the structure and language of the novel itself. Murray, who was a music critic as well as an author, is deeply influenced by the aesthetics of jazz and blues, and that is very much reflected in the way he organizes his writing—from the sentence level to the larger structure of the work. In his lyrical language choices, his descriptive run-on sentences, and the mosaic quality of the overall storytelling, a jazz-like sensibility is evident. As writer and critic Clifford Thompson puts it, "Jazz and blues, in the Murray view, stand both as concrete products of the black American tradition and as metaphors for black American history—representing the improvisation, resilience, and skill brought to bear on the task of surviving difficult times" (see link below). This interpretation works well with Murray's novel Train Whistle Guitar, which is grounded in music, community, and storytelling, all of which inform and expand on each other.
In Scooter's recounting of and riffing on his childhood, the metaphorical resonances of music are plentiful: music as both strength and flexibility, as creativity and resourcefulness, as storytelling and community-building and connecting force.
The traveling bluesman Luzana Cholly is the character who most embodies the spirit of music that permeates the novel. Scooter is infatuated with Luzana's itinerant lifestyle and his unbeatable musical talent. The title of the novel comes from Scooter's description of Luzana's guitar playing: he could turn "guitar strings into train whistles which were not only the once-upon-a-time voices of storytellers but of all the voices saying what was being said in the stories as well." This idea of music as storytelling, as history and memory, is important to the novel, which deals with Scooter's own history and the history of his community in Gasoline Point. Jazz and blues music have a great cultural and historical importance for black Americans (and all Americans)—the roots of the musical styles are in African musical traditions, slave songs, and spirituals. There is a great sense of communal history in these musical styles, and that communal history is reflected in Train Whistle Guitar and its focus on the tradition of storytelling in the community. Reflecting on the community's storytelling habits, Scooter says:

Sometimes it would be obvious that they were only telling the tallest tales and the most outrageous lies they could either remember or fabricate, and sometimes you could be every bit as certain that their primary purpose was to spell out as precisely as possible the incontestable facts and most reliable figures involved in the circumstance under consideration. But when you listened through the meshes of the Mother Goose clock you already knew long before you came to recognize any necessity to understand (not to mention explain) that no matter which one they said or even believed they were doing they were almost always doing at least a little of both.

This is an interesting quote because it reflects on the overlaps and parallels between fiction and fact, and how often they blend together in the stories we tell. Music, when used as a storytelling tool, turns memory and history into legend and song. It stretches the truth to fit around the notes, but it is no lesser a truth for the stretching. It is also interesting to note that Train Whistle Guitar is Murray's fictionalized account of his own childhood. While the characters and dialogue and events may have been changed, the truth of growing up as a black boy in a black Southern community during that time remains strong, and that is due in no small part to the sense of authentic musicality that Murray is able to capture.
https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/hero-blues-celebrating-albert-murray/

How long has television existed in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451?

According to Kingsley Amis in New Maps of Hell: A Survey of Science Fiction, Bradbury projected his novel forty or fifty years into the future. Since he published the novel in 1953, when televisions had only been in American homes since 1945, he was imagining television in the late 1990s. At this point, it would have been around for about fifty years in his dystopic world. This would mean more than two generations had been subjected to television, if a generation is assumed to be twenty years. Most people alive in Bradbury's new world would not remember a time without television.
Beatty, a repository of knowledge, believes television rose up as people began to willingly abandon books and reading and that this new technology helped fill in a gap in people's lives.

Is communication as a discipline more or less fragmented than other disciplines in the humanities or social sciences (i.e., such as history, psychology or sociology)? Explain and support your opinion.

It's not really possible to argue either side of this with any degree of accuracy without a clear definition of "fragmented" and an agreed upon metric of what constitutes fragmentation. Absent that, one can say that communication studies is similar to many other disciplines in the social sciences in having several subdisciplines and career paths for students.
Some areas of communication, such as rhetoric, are primarily designed for students wishing to pursue advanced degrees, while others, such as public relations, are more strictly vocational. As with many other disciplines, individual university programs vary in whether they offer certain specialties within communication studies or other departments. For example, rhetoric and journalism may be offered in writing studies or English. Journalism can be part of standalone programs and speech disorders may be studied in communication or various health departments.

What is the major difference between Soviet-style Communism and the China model of Communism?

The major difference in the Soviet style of communism and the Chinese style of communism is in what the national economy was rooted in. In Soviet communism, industrialisation was at the heart of the economy. The Soviet model glorified industrial production and the image of the industrial worker. Within this model, the proletariat were considered to be the true leaders of the country, but of course, the bureaucratic heads of the state were the true rulers. In China, Maoist communism focused on rural agriculture as the dominant economic system and upheld the peasant as the image of communist China. Of course, similarly to Soviet communism, the heads of the party and the party enforcers were the true leaders of the state. The peasants who worked the fields were idolized in words but certainly did not see true empowerment through communism or any other state-based system.

How does saving the turtles help Nadia and Ethan learn about teamwork?

Up until the storm starts brewing in The View from Saturday, Nadia feels upset, angry, alone, and neglected in Florida. Despite her extensive knowledge on turtles, her father only asks Margaret all his turtle inquiries. She feels as if her father and Ethan are bonding more than she and her father ever did, and it is disturbing to find that all these people know everything about her already yet do not check in with her about how she's feeling after her parents' divorce and her new custody arrangement.
When the baby turtles need help, Nadia comes to a realization when she equates this situation to her mother needing help with moving and adjusting after the divorce. In fact, the situation can be equated to Nadia herself as well. After deciding to help rescue the turtles, Nadia realizes that when you help and support others, help and support will come to you as well. She makes amends with Ethan, her father, and her grandfather after learning that when you work in a team, everyone benefits and gets the support they need.

How did people in Colonial America deal with hurricanes and other natural disasters?

Hurricanes were largely unknown in Europe and so became a novel experience for the early colonists, who also had to contend with high winds, droughts, earthquakes, and fires.
One line of reasoning sought to find answers to these natural disasters, especially hurricanes, through studying them scientifically. Most often, however, colonists interpreted natural disasters in theological terms, attributing them to divine providence punishing settlers for sins. Colonial governments called for days of fasting and repentance in which no work was done. Some religious leaders gave thanks that the disasters were not more ferocious.
Another response to natural disaster was to examine urban planning and try to adapt local building so as to minimize the damage caused by earthquakes, high winds, or fires. For example, it was noted earthquake damage was less severe when homes were built on solid ground rather than loose soil or landfills.

How do the works address the difficulties and advantages of travel or relocation?

Many employees can face a problem when their work requires them to leave a central location for work. For example, while they may live near a central office or headquarters, their employer may need them to regularly travel to locations across the country or even internationally. They might be a management consultant or an accountant who works out of an office in Chicago or New York, for example, but they may need to travel regularly and for long periods of time to be closer to a client. When there is regular travel for extended periods of time, including up to two or three years, employees will often have to make a decision about regularly traveling or simply relocating to a new location. Of course, decisions like this can be influenced by other factors, such as family (i.e. will someone's spouse and children move with them?) and community ties (relocating may require giving up roles in the community as a coach, parent-teacher organization leader, or other volunteer roles).
When employees choose to regularly travel to locations, they make tradeoffs. On one hand, they will spend time commuting, and traveling in a car, train, or plane can wear someone down. They may develop unhealthy habits, and they may end up having to pay some of the travel costs. On the other hand, they are able to maintain ties "back home" so to speak, and their traveling might allow their spouse and children to remain in the home and stay in the same schools. They are taking on much of the burden of traveling while allowing for some consistency at home. Additionally, some employees find regular travel for work a good way to mix up their routine, get out of the office, and even see different parts of their state and country while their company picks up some of the costs.Relocating is another option. In this scenario, a person might buy a new home or rent an apartment and move their family with them (if they have one). It allows for them to establish themselves in a new community and cuts down on travel time. On the other hand, it can be difficult to move, especially if it is away from friends and family. Many younger workers, who are either single or married with no kids, might take advantage of relocation as they figure out where they want to live.
In both cases, employees need to make tradeoffs on issues like family, expenses, and community. Both options have their pros and cons.
https://blog.linkedin.com/2014/05/20/careers-that-will-move-you-what-it-takes-to-work-around-the-world

https://hbr.org/2018/12/how-to-decide-whether-to-relocate-for-a-job

What does Jose’s blood in the shape of the United States symbolize?

The incident happens in chapter 4 of Buried Onions. Eddie's been hanging out with his buddy José, who's on home leave from the Marines. One morning, they're having breakfast, and after they come out of the restaurant, Eddie sees Mrs. Stiles's stolen truck—the one that he was supposed to be looking after—parked across the street. He quickly heads back inside the restaurant to phone Mr. Stiles and tell him what's happened. When he comes back out, he's shocked to see that José's been stabbed by three guys, who quickly run off when Eddie approaches them.
Eddie notices that José's blood on the sidewalk is in the shape of the United States. This could be said to symbolize the service that José gives to his country by serving as a Marine. It also highlights the fact that José, unlike most young men of the barrio, has been able to escape. His whole outlook on life is thus much broader as a result. His horizons are shaped no longer by the neighborhood in which he grew up but by his role in the military. As such, he has an attachment to his country that most of the young men he grew up with, alienated as they are by poverty, racism, and gang violence, have never really had.

What were the southern advantages at the start of the Civil War?

Despite its much smaller population—9 million to the North's 23 million—the South began the Civil War with an army almost equal in size to that of their Northern opponents. Not only that, but the South could rely on some of the finest generals in the United States—most notably Robert E. Lee, whom General Winfield Scott tried to persuade to join the Union army. Such was his reputation. Seven of the nation's eight military colleges were situated in the South, so it was no surprise that the Confederacy had so much talent on which to draw.
At the start of the Civil War, the South knew that it was going to have to fight a defensive conflict. This gave them the advantage of local knowledge. Such familiarity with the local landscape made it easier for Southern forces to harass and resist Union army incursions. The defensive nature of the conflict made the overall Southern strategy much simpler than the North's; they had to defeat a Northern invasion, thus preserving the Confederacy. The North, on the other hand, had to invade, subdue, and conquer the South, which were by no means easy tasks.

Who was Batterton Dobyns in Spoon River Anthology?

Batterton Dobyns is a hardworking man who dies due to overwork and anxiety. He's a conscientious man; we know this because he tells us how he always kept up the payments for a life insurance policy. He also owns some land in Canada and has a bit of money in the bank.
In his final fit of delirium, just before he passes away, Batterton Dobyns has a vision in which he sees his widow living the high life. Sitting by a window overlooking the sea, Dobyns's widow is the picture of contentment, all plump and rested, though getting on in years. (She has white hair.) She regally summons a waiter and asks for another slice of roast beef, giving him a nickel as a tip. One gets the impression that Dobyns's widow is enjoying life without her late husband, living off his money and leading a lavish lifestyle. Her whole life just seems like an endless holiday, full of
Resting and bathing and sitting an hourOr more at the table over soup and meatsAnd delicate sweets and coffee.

What is the season and month in each chapter of The Hobbit? What is the importance of the time of the year?

As described in the other answer, The Hobbit (published in 1937) begins in April and ends in November. This answer will cover the significance of these seasons in terms of J. R. R. Tolkien's background as a philologist who taught at Oxford University from 1925 to 1959. His academic specialty was medieval literature.
Tolkien's understanding of medieval religion and the underpinning of his mythological background to Middle Earth derive from a movement sometimes known as the myth and ritual school which explored the anthropological background of classical and medieval mythology.
The seminal figure in this movement was Sir James George Frazer, author of The Golden Bough (published in 1890–1915 in several volumes and editions). In medieval studies, a significant work in this school, which also influenced T. S. Eliot's The Wasteland, was From Ritual to Romance by Jessie L. Weston, published in 1920 and which applied Frazer's insights to medieval romance. The Cambridge Ritualists, including Jane Ellen Harrison, F.M. Cornford, and Gilbert Murray, applied this sort of analysis of ritual to classical studies.
A central pattern to this type of scholarship was its emphasis on myth and religion as evolving from fertility rituals designed to mourn the death of vegetation at the end of the growing season and encourage and celebrate its rebirth in the new growing season after lying dead or dormant underground.
According to these scholars, a particularly important figure in this system of ritual was the Year King, whose fertility was linked to that of the land. This sort of sympathetic magical association meant that an infertile or elderly king might lead to failure of the fertility of the crops and the old king would need to be sacrificed (usually symbolically) to bring about the rebirth of the fertility of the land.
In The Hobbit, Thorin Oakenshield represents new king who in April leads the adventurers to reclaim the lands devastated by Smaug. Like the Year-Kings of the vegetative cycle in mythology, he dies in November, as the crops die, and his replacement by a younger more fertile leader (the new Year King), Bard, restores the fertility of the land in a new Spring in the epilogue.

In the book The Hobbit, the first chapter contains the wizard Gandalf approaching Bilbo Baggins about going off on an adventure. This is in mid to late April, so in the spring. The next day is when thirteen dwarves show up at Bilbo’s house at Bag End, led by a dwarf named Thorin Oakenshield.
At this point, they convince Bilbo to come with them to help with their quest to reclaim their lost home in the Lonely Mountain from a dragon. The whole party, including Bilbo, sets off on their quest on the next day.
They travel towards their destination, with several stops on their way, and the day they find a door into the Lonely Mountain, their destination, it’s the day before the last week of autumn.
“Tomorrow will be a full moon and the beginning of the last week of Autumn,” Thorin Oakenshield says. This is estimated to be late October. The Battle of Five Armies occurs in late November, in the later chapters of the book.
The seasons have an important role to play in the novel because they back up the themes of the book. It is spring when they depart, which symbolizes a time for new things to happen. It is near the beginning of winter at the end when the Battle of Five Armies occurs and Thorin dies, symbolizing his death as the end of an age.
https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~dwharder/Personal/Hobbit/A%20timeline%20for%20The%20Hobbit.pdf

What did Bod write on the witch’s handmade gravestone in The Graveyard Book?

After meeting the spirit of Liza Hempstock, Bod is determined to get her a headstone. He doesn't think it fair that she doesn't have one. The reason why Liza doesn't have a headstone is because, as a witch, she was denied burial in consecrated ground.
Bod hits upon a plan to steal a brooch from the Sleer, which he intends to sell to raise enough money to buy Liza a headstone. Unfortunately, the plan doesn't work out, as Bod is locked up in a back room by a crooked pawnbroker called Abanazar, who's determined to steal the brooch for himself. Thankfully, Liza's on hand to help Bod escape, but he's still unable to afford the headstone he promised her.
Bod gives back the brooch to the Sleer, who seethes triumphantly, "It always comes back." Though understandably disappointed, Bod is nevertheless still determined to do something nice for Liza. So he uses a big glass paperweight and some paint that he stole from Abanazar to create a makeshift headstone. On the paperweight he paints Liza's initials, "E. H.," and the words "We don't forget." As Bod's leaving the graveyard, he hears a voice say "Not bad at all." It seems that Liza's well pleased with Bod's efforts.

What is the element of God according to Confucianism?

This is somewhat confusing, as Confucius never claimed deity, and those who practice Confucianism don't worship him as such. This is further complicated by the fact that most of those who follow the beliefs of Confucianism don't really consider it a religion but, rather, a way to explain the world and to live a full and meaningful life. Those who believe in this philosophy also look to the teachings of Confucianism to live in better harmony with mankind, placing emphasis on building those relationships instead of one with a deity.
A concept relating to heaven is sometimes referred to in Confucian teachings, but it is not in the way that those of Christian faiths are used to. Instead, followers of Confucianism look for the sacred in everyday life. There is not an emphasis on considering the afterlife, but there is an emphasis in honoring one's ancestors as a part of spiritual life.
Tian refers to the God of Heaven and to all forces beyond human control. Confucius wrote of trying to understand the movements of Tian, noting that doing so provides a person with a special place in the universe. However, this is not a relationship that is comparable to other religions, such as Christianity and Judaism. Confucius himself often sacrificed food for his ancestors—not to Tian.
Therefore, while there is an element of a being existing beyond this world, the role this being serves and the relationship humans create with this being is not one that those who follow Confucianism typically focus on.

Confucianism can be seen more as a way of life than what most people would describe as a religion. This is because its primary focus is on moral conduct—that is to say, on how human beings behave towards one another, rather than on the relationship between humans and a transcendent deity. In Confucianism, what matters most of all is the achievement of harmony and balance on this earth in the here and now.
That's not to say that there's no divine element in Confucianism—far from it. It's just that the notion of the divine plays a completely different role here than it does in, say, Christianity or Judaism. The nearest thing to the Judeo-Christian God in Confucianism is Tian, or Heaven. Tian can best be understood as the supreme source of goodness in the universe, providing an absolute moral standard against which the actions of human beings may be judged.
Unlike the traditional God of Judaism and Christianity, Tian doesn't actively involve himself in human affairs; he doesn't perform miracles or send down signs of divine wrath, but he is all-seeing and all-knowing, a beneficent cosmic principle that organizes the distinct social and family hierarchies down here on Earth that are such a notable feature of Confucianism and through which virtue and morality are taught.

How does Wes Moore describe the culture of the streets in The Other Wes Moore?

The Wes Moore who is the author of The Other Wes Moore writes both in first person to narrate his own experiences and using limited-omniscient third-person perspective to narrate the other man’s experiences and the social setting in which he grew up. One should keep in mind that, although the author frequently corresponded with and interviewed the other man, the overall narrative is always filtered through the author’s perspective.
When he was young, the Wes Moore who was later incarcerated lived in the low-income Cherry Hill Apartments in East Baltimore. This segregation-era housing project for black people was “a breeding ground for poverty, drugs, and despair.” His older brother, Tony, became involved in drug sales by the time Tony was a teenager. The young people grew up understanding that employment opportunities were very limited, and sold drugs for money and to buy status goods that their parents could not afford. Interpersonal violence was taken for granted among the males, who developed the necessary physical skills for the frequent fights. The likelihood of police intervention was also very high, and Wes was arrested for assault in his early teens.
Although Mary, Wes’s mother, moved the family to a more middle-class neighborhood when Wes was a teenager, he returned to the old neighborhood when he became involved in drug sales. As he grew older and managed a drug-sales crew, carrying a gun and being willing to use it was also considered necessary.

Wes Moore—the other Wes Moore—vividly describes how the culture of the streets provides a kind of surrogate education for young men growing up in the ghetto. The mean streets of Baltimore are a place where young boys are turned into men pretty quickly. Drugs and violence are the norm in this neck of the woods; unlike his namesake, the other Wes Moore grows up in an environment of low expectations, where dealing drugs is seen as a ticket to a better life. Selling drugs holds out the promise of instant riches and respect, and so it's no surprise that Wes follows the path of his older half-brother Tony in peddling smack on the streets of West Baltimore.
Inevitably, the culture of the streets has no time for formal education. Tony's own schooling was disrupted on account of his drug dealing activities, and despite his efforts to keep Wes on the straight and narrow, it's a lost cause. Like many young men in the neighborhood, Wes feels disconnected from the world of formal education, and not just because of getting involved with selling drugs. His mother Mary was determined to be the first in her family to graduate from college, but is forced to drop out of Johns Hopkins after her Pell Grant is withdrawn. It's incidents such as these that reinforce the hostility toward formal education that forms such a major part of street culture. To many young men in the rough neighborhoods of Baltimore, going to school and getting an education just seems like a complete waste of time.

Identify two methods for helping the poor that have changed since colonial times.

Helping poor people in the U.S. has taken many forms over the nearly 250 years since colonial times. Both church-run and government-run programs have changed. One significant difference has been the increase of government responsibility, along with a greater focus on help rather than punishment.
The British American colonies followed British law. The Poor Laws had been established and revised in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when the church and state were not fully separated. In the early nation, the main idea was that people were responsible for themselves and did not receive government support. People were often jailed for nonpayment of debt and had to do manual labor while incarcerated. Church groups were considered the main providers of charity.
In the nineteenth century, church and mutual aid societies provided much of the help. The latter were often groups of fellow immigrants from the same home country. Government-run work houses were established, largely replacing prison as a place to send the indigent. Large-scale charities, with a religious mission but not part of a church, also developed; the Salvation Army is a notable example.
Modern social welfare began as a result of the Great Depression, when President Roosevelt and Congress enacted the New Deal. The policies and programs established in the 1930s, including unemployment insurance and food aid, are the direct predecessors of today's programs. Further substantive changes date to Johnson's 1960s Great Society and War on Poverty programs.
https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/recollections/social-welfare-history/

Is Mrs. Bennet just comic relief?

Mrs. Bennet, in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice, on the surface, seems to be mere comic relief, but beneath the absurdity of her actions is a mother and woman who is bound by her station in life. She understands that the only way to ensure her daughter's futures is by making brilliant "matches" and if not brilliant at least respectable. Mrs. Bennet will put herself forward as much as she can in order to put her daughter's in the path of eligible men. She regularly makes a fool of herself in public and will badger her husband, Mr. Bennet, to assist her in her schemes, which often puts her daughters in embarrassing and awkward situations. Mrs. Bennet will often use her "nerves" and hysterics as a way to obtain her goals, which will upset her entire household and cause her husband to give in to even her most outrageous demands. Mrs. Bennet's single-minded focus on the future of her daughters and how that future affects Mrs. Bennet's status in her neighborhood does offer comic relief in the lengths she will go to to ensure her family's future, but to say that is all she provides would be inaccurate. She is the architect of her family's future. Her single minded determination resulted in two brilliant matches for her two eldest daughters, which ended up saving her youngest daughter from complete ruin. Mrs. Bennet does not apologize for her actions and seems to care little what others think and in an environment where everyone is being judged by who they know and how they act, Mrs. Bennet's character seems to stand out in a way that causes embarrassment to those associated with her, which in turn can be rather funny or rather impressive, considering the happy endings achieved for most of the Bennet family.

Mrs. Bennet is one of three characters in Pride and Prejudice thought to mostly function as comic relief. Does Mrs. Bennet have another function in the novel?
It cannot be said that Mrs. Bennet "develops" through the novel, that is, that she comes to a greater understanding of herself or life, yet she is a well developed character.
Character development is defined as (1) the multiple sets of qualities, attitudes, traits that emerge over the course of a novel and as (2) the progression of a character from one state or condition to another improved or more successful one.

What personality traits of Mrs. Bennet do we see?
Mrs. Bennet is a multifaceted character who is critical in the development and illustration of several of Austen's themes. Of course, the first manifestation of Mrs. Bennet's personality we see is her euphoria over the appearance at Longbourn village of a marriageable bachelor, Mr. Bingley. Her adamant interest in finding five excellent marriages for her five daughters motivates her elation.
While it often supposed that this opening characterization is Mrs. Bennet's "default," baseline expression of personality, it can hardly be true that her euphoria over an eligible bachelor and her normal condition could be one and the same. Her normal deportment may continue to display her "mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper" but with an absence in normal times of her adamant euphoria.
The second time Mrs. Bennet's temperament is shown is in her reaction to Mr. Darcy when he is observed by all at the Meryton ball: "Lizzy does not lose much by not suiting his fancy; for he is a most disagreeable, horrid man, not at all worth pleasing. So high and so conceited that there was no enduring him!" While the zeal of her deprecation of Darcy has almost the same vigor as her euphoria over Mr. Bingley's arrival at Netherfield, it shows an entirely different aspect of her psychology. Not only is she single-mindedly enthusiastic over the prospect of marriage for at least one of her daughters (which should lead to encounters with other eligible young men for her other daughters), she is quick to be adamantly against someone who offends her sensibilities.
Her lack of reasonableness, her "mean understanding," and her haste to jump to extreme conclusions provide a unifying psychological connection and predict the unifying psychological basis for upcoming elements.
The third psychological element revealed comes during her experience with clergyman and cousin, William Collins, the holder of the Longbourn estate entail. As her experience with Mr. Collins unfolds, three unique psychological elements are drawn from her: (1) confusion, guilt and rejection, (2) acceptance and readiness to be pleased, (3) apologetic determination to fight.
When Mr. Collins' visit is first introduced by Mr. Bennet on the very day of his expected arrival, Mrs. Bennet is overcome with confusion exacerbated by guilt and her sentiment deploring Collins.
But where does the confusion and guilt come from? We are told much later in Chapter 50 that she and Mr. Bennet always intended to produce a male child who would break the entailment of the property to Collins. In that belief and to that end, they squandered their wealth without setting any aside because it would all be restored by their male heir.
Yet, it was five daughters that were given birth to. Mrs. Bennet held on to the belief that she even then would produce a male child but the "event had at last been despaired of...." Mrs. Bennet believed she could do her part in breaking the entail. This is the source of the confusion and guilt that underlie Mrs. Bennet's protestations against the entail and her finding Mr. Collins deplorable.
As soon as Collins declares his intention of taking a bride from one of the five Bennet girls, Mrs. Bennet has a renewal of hope and a surge of good will toward the previously deplorable man. This, though it seems illogical at first encounter, has a logical basis in her history, for part of her anxiety over the entail is that she and her unmarried daughters will be turned out of Longbourn upon the death of Mr. Bennet since Collins would then hold the hereditary claim.
Hence when Collins offers Mrs. Bennet a solution to her most worrisome and guilt-ridden problem, she shows a psychological turn toward being completely accepting (this is probably the side Mr. Bennet first knew of her when they were happy, quick to spend and confident of a male heir) and ready to be pleased by all he utters, which is shear folly since his utterances are mere obsequiousness.
Austen subtly develops a rounded character--one with "many traits"--in Mrs. Bennet by revealing various aspects of her psychological make-up including her apologetic willingness to fight Collins' battle for him and argue Elizabeth into accepting his offer of marriage:
"But, depend upon it, Mr. Collins," [Mrs. Bennet] added, "that Lizzy shall be brought to reason. I will speak to her about it directly. She is a very headstrong, foolish girl, and does not know her own interest but I will make her know it."
One of the more telling psychological traits that Austen develops in Mrs. Bennet is brought to light in her encounter with Lady Catherine de Bourgh who invades their modest home--by comparison to Rosings--for the purpose of demanding from Elizabeth a renunciation of her rumored engagement to Mr. Darcy. Upon Lady Catherine's bursting into their sitting room, Mrs. Bennet, to whom Elizabeth whispered the name of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, was stunned and awed into silence, a remarkable condition for Mrs. Bennet. More importantly, Mrs. Bennet was stunned into the "utmost politeness.":
"Mrs. Bennet, all amazement, though flattered ... received [Lady Catherine] with the utmost politeness."
This meant in part, by the laws of social propriety, that Mrs. Bennet could not initiate conversation. She had to wait until Lady Catherine requested an introduction even though the Lady was in her home: "no request of introduction had been made." So in polite silence Mrs. Bennet sat. This didn't last long of course, and as soon as Lady Catherine provided a socially acceptable opening (though not a socially correct opening because Lady Catherine's question was addressed to Elizabeth), Mrs. Bennet began talking about her girls, beginning with inappropriate praise of Lydia, her youngest but first to marry, which is happiness to Mrs. Bennet but would have been a horror to Lady Catherine had she bothered to hear.
Mrs. Bennet is here fully developed as a round character: she has a full range of psychological characteristics that motivate different actions and reactions in differing situations, including her legitimate anguish, though dramatized for greatest impact, over Lydia's ruinous elopement with Wickham to London, with no stop in Gretna Green for a quick marriage ceremony. Still, how is Mrs. Bennet related to theme development?
Mrs. Bennet and Theme Development
Mrs. Bennet is significantly connected to the development of the themes of female education, vanity and conceit, manners associated with varying classes, marriage of daughters (especially when juxtaposed to Charlotte Lucas), along with estate entailment and the "female line": "I see no occasion for entailing estates from the female line. It was not thought necessary in Sir Lewis de Bourgh's family" (Lady Catherine). The education theme is most significantly brought out when Lady Catherine grills Elizabeth about the tutors and masters she and her sisters had, or, more correctly, did not have:
"Five daughters brought up at home without a governess! I never heard of such a thing. Your mother must have been quite a slave to your education."
Elizabeth could hardly help smiling as she assured her that had not been the case.
"Then, who taught you? who attended to you? Without a governess, you must have been neglected."
"Compared with some families, I believe we were; but such of us as wished to learn never wanted the means. We were always encouraged to read, and had all the masters that were necessary."
When Elizabeth has her eyes open to the real deficits of her family, she takes a clearer view of the disadvantages Mary, Kitty and Lydia suffered by not being submitted to a regular education.
There is little difficulty is associating Mrs. Bennet with the theme of vanity and conceit, a theme Mary at one point waxes philosophical over. We see that Mrs. Bennet's vain and conceited ideas of elevated self-importance lead to improper conduct in relation to her duties, in relation to her deportment in social settings, in relation to her hasty and inadequate judgements of other people, and in relation to her willingness to expose the family's folly to any who might listen.
A rather interesting theme with which Mrs. Bennet is connected is that of the difference of manners between the upper and lower classes. Mrs. Bennet, when single, was Miss Gardner, sister of Mr. Gardner (uncle to her daughters and partial savior of Lydia) and Mrs. Philips of Meryton. Their father was in trade, as is Mr. Gardner. Mrs. Bennet nee Miss Gardner married above her class because Mr. Bennet was an upper class gentleman of independent wealth. Though now of the upper class herself by virtue of marriage, her manners are still lower class and have been imparted to her three youngest daughters. Darcy makes a point of this when he says that Elizabeth and Jane cannot be discredited ("to have conducted yourselves so as to avoid any share of the like censure, is praise no less generally bestowed on you and your elder sister" Ch 35) and it is reinforced by Mr. Bennet's own comment to the same effect ("Wherever you and Jane are known you must be respected and valued" Ch 41).
The difference is shown also in the contrast between the Bingley sisters, the daughters of a tradesman, and Miss de Bourgh, who represents (quietly) elegant upper class manners. There is also a surprising similarity between Mrs. Bennet and Lady Catherine, also based on conceit, but of a different nature since Lady Catherine has actual authority and power to back up her conceit because of recognition in the de Bourgh family of "the female line."

Describe the state of John Wright's house in Trifles.

As the county attorney says of Mrs. Wright:

I shouldn't say she had the homemaking instinct.

The kitchen is in a disarray as the attorney, the Peters, and the Hales come in after the murder. The room is "gloomy," with the bread left out of the breadbox, dirty pans left under the sink, and a dishtowel thrown down on the table. Also, because of the lack of a fire, Mrs. Wright's jars of preserves have frozen and exploded, making a mess. As the county attorney washes his hands, he discovers all the dish towels are dirty, which makes him unhappy.
After the men leave to go upstairs. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters discover an empty bird cage, with the door violently broken. Then they find, wrapped in silk, a dead bird with a broken neck.
Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters realize that Mrs. Wright snapped after her husband killed her bird, which is why everything is in a disarray.

Was Millard Fillmore a good President?

Milliard Fillmore is often ranked as one of the worst and most forgettable presidents, although some say history has judged him too harshly.
He was never elected president. He became president only because Zachary Taylor died in office. His own party wouldn't even renominate him in the following presidential election, and he ran, therefore, as the candidate on the Know Nothing party ticket of 1852, carrying just one state.
Beyond his lackluster political performance as a presidential candidate, Taylor has long been condemned for his weak and inconsistent position on slavery while he was president. He has been criticized for his attempts at compromise; he signed the Fugitive Slave Act into law, a piece of legislation that criminalized giving aid to escaping slaves and thus inflamed abolitionist sentiments. After his term as president ended, the Whigs (the party he represented) faded away.
Fillmore is considered a president who did little to show leadership or take control during a polarizing and contentious period of US history, as tensions rose higher and higher over slavery. Running as the candidate of the Know Nothing Party—a party that opposed immigration—did little to enhance his reputation.
Those who defend him say that he was conscientious and obeyed the laws of the land. Unfortunately, however, he did not take a firm stance against laws that history has condemned as immoral, which condemns him as amoral by association.

How do patterns of knowing in nursing emerge from this movie?

If we look at "knowing" in the context of "clinical judgment," Wit and the character of Susie Monahan provide great insight into how nurses "know." In the film, Vivian Bearing's character is consistently degraded by her literal cancer treatment and the treatment by the physicians attending to her. Her physicians are purely clinical and have no real regard for her quality of life. Contrasting this treatment is the treatment she receives from her nurse, Susie Monahan. Susie does not operate on a purely intellectual or clinical level; rather, her quality of care is dictated by her own beliefs as a healthcare provider and as a human being. Susie is an incredibly powerful character in the film because of how she advocates for Vivian and how her "knowing" is less dictated by clinical judgment and cognitive theory than by experience and an innate humanness.
Ultimately, this is symbolic of the consistent debate in the medical community as to how to provide the best clinical care. On one side, there is the idea of "academic" medical care, which functions as a way to provide treatment purely based on data, scientific theory, and so on. On the other side is medical care rooted in experience. In Experience in Nursing Practice, Benner, Tanner and Chesla argue that expert nurses hold the ability to understand abstract clinical concepts and balance them with past experience to provide a greater sense of "knowing." This enables nurses not only to treat their patients and provide positive healthcare outcomes, but to connect with their patients and provide the best quality of care. Susie Monahan does this throughout the film, as she is not an intellectual or an abstract theorist as the physicians are, but a caregiver and a nurse, a profession which requires skill, but also an innate human care.

Throughout the play, what are the differences between Horatio, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern? How does this show Horatio's characteristics? How is Horatio's role toward Hamlet and Claudius different? What is Horatio's role throughout the play? What are the exceptions?

The characters Horatio, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern all function primarily as Hamlet’s friends or alleged friends. They are used in contrast to one another to stand for true friendship, exemplified by Horatio, and falsity and betrayal, in the case of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Another difference is that Horatio survives—one of the few characters who does—while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern end up dead, in both cases thanks to Hamlet.
Horatio is one of Hamlet’s two friends who beholds his father’s Ghost with him, to whom he confides his plan to feign madness, and who swear to keep the deception a secret. He is straightforward with Hamlet, advising him that the Ghost might be misleading him or even not real. Throughout, as Hamlet’s behavior gets increasingly stranger, Horatio stands by him and upholds his convictions.
In Act III, Scene 2, Hamlet says he holds his friend “in my heart of heart” and next, when the Players perform, Horatio helps Hamlet observe Claudius. At the end, as Hamlet lays mortally wounded, Horatio first offers to kill himself from grief but then promises Hamlet he will not, but will instead stay alive and tell the world about the events at Elsinore. The initial emotional reaction is the only real exception to his character’s rational personality but is consistent with his love for his friend.
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern come to visit Hamlet at Elsinore. He is immediately suspicious as they have been out of touch, and it turns out he was right because they really are there to spy on him for Claudius. They help him set up the Players’ performance, not suspecting he plans to use it to trap Claudius into confession. Before Hamlet leaves for England, he opens a letter and learns that rather than just accompany him, they have agreed to deliver him for execution. He switches the letter and escapes en route, so that the two treacherous spies are killed instead—information that emerges only at the end of Act V.
Although Claudius is actually king of Denmark, Horatio takes Hamlet’s side as Hamlet should have been his father’s heir and Claudius has usurped his position. While Claudius attempts to manipulate everyone around him, he does not succeed with Horatio.

What is a summary of the poem "The Sail" by Lermontov?

I am using the translation of "The Sail" by Frank Beck.
In the first stanza, the speaker begins by describing a white and lonely sailboat out on a blue and foggy sea. He then asks what the boat is looking for and what is wrong at home that it is trying to escape.
In the second stanza, the weather at sea grow windy and harsh. The ship's mast bends. The speaker realizes that the ship has not gone to sea to escape trouble but to seek trouble. We learn that "contentment" is not what the ship desires.
In the third and final stanza of the poem, the weather has become bright and sunny again. Nevertheless, the "rebellious" ship seeks a storm—as if it can find love amid a storm.
The ship can be understood to represent a person who seeks out stormy and confrontational relationships, just as a ship on the high seas might be said to be seeking out storms.

Where in contemporary American Culture do you see a person or people trying to construct their own identity in an environment that wants to construct it for them?

In Henry James’s novella, Daisy Miller is a young woman from the United States who is traveling in Europe. She tries to behave as she would have done in the United States, but several people criticize her behavior. In addition, Daisy’s mother fails to give her good advice. James primarily presents one aspect of the “environment” in which Daisy is acting: American expatriate society composed of people from the United States who are living in Europe. The primary characters who represent this society are Mrs. Costello, Mrs. Walker, and Winterbourne. James presents comparatively few Europeans, suggesting that their opinions are actually less important for Daisy than those of the Americans. Furthermore, there is a decided gender imbalance in their perceptions; Daisy is discouraged from certain behaviors because she is female.
Terms like “environment” and “society” refer to abstract concepts. As such, they lack “agency,” the ability to act, and so an environment cannot “want” to do anything. As James reminds us, individual people may play influential roles in any society, either reinforcing or changing commonly-held attitudes. If we look at 21st century situations, we can readily see human actions that are similarly supporting or challenging restrictive attitudes or laws.
One area in which different gender attitudes remain strong in the United States is in the area of employment, in both hiring and compensation. The gendered associations of numerous jobs persist, and, even when hired for similar positions, men are more likely to be promoted than women. This “glass ceiling” effect is especially persistent at the top executive level. Despite the enactment of federal legislation barring gender discrimination in wages and compensation, there remains a substantial gap between men’s and women’s earnings. Employers’s perceptions of different gender-based abilities and performance play a large role in determining wages.
Another area of gender-based discrimination pertains to transgender people. Transgender people face widespread social discrimination from those who reject people’s self-identification. The recent proposed changes in regulations pertaining to military service are one good example of social changes within only a few years and of divided opinion within the United States. More generally, issues such as restroom segregation disproportionately affect transgender people.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/jwebb/2017/01/30/glass-ceiling-still-keeps-top-jobs-for-the-boys-women-earn-75-of-mens-salary/

https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/house-passes-resolution-denouncing-transgender-military-ban-n988456

https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/03/22/gender-pay-gap-facts/

What rules would you put in place in order to make Congress more responsive to the needs and wants of the American public? Think about things like their salaries, their voting records, no term limits, their party differences, etc.

The question of how to make Congress more accountable and responsive has been examined by several authors who have made some interesting proposals. Some of the following may be good jumping off points for a response to this assignment.
Political scientist Larry Sabato, in his book A More Perfect Constitution, suggested increasing the size of the House of Representatives from 435 to 1,000 members. This would compress the size of congressional districts, allowing representatives to be closer to the voters who elect them. He also suggested that all former presidents and vice-presidents be made senators for life; in this role they would be able to represent the perspective of the whole nation rather than individual states.
In The Reclamation of the U.S. Congress, a policy report from the University of Texas, it was suggested to reform congressional committees so that they are composed of members from across both chambers. This would encourage greater deliberation and allow Congress to better divine popular needs.
Adam Carrington, a professor at Hillsdale College, has suggested ending the filibuster, the rule by which a minority of 41 senators can block legislation. According to Carrington, this has the effect of "changing majority rule into a de facto minority veto." By ensuring the Senate could not block legislation favored by the majority, the entire branch would become more responsive to the democratically expressed desires of the body politic.
These are all possible topics that could help you get started.
https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/370809-3-reforms-for-repairing-congress-the-broken-branch

Compare and contrast Equiano Olaudah's and Phillis Wheatley's slave narratives.

Olaudah Equiano and Phillis Wheatley had distinct reflections on their experience with slavery. Although they both underwent captivity and experienced the hardships of slavery, the work that they published during and following their emancipation differed greatly.
Equiano talked extensively about the hardships he was unjustly placed under because of his race and how slaves used God and their own inner strength to rise above slavery.
Wheatly, on the other hand, is often criticized for not focusing on the issue of race enough. Like Equiano, she was also religious. However, she considered the practice of religion as a bridge between slaves and their owners, as it was from the masters that the slaves were educated about the Christian faith. In some of her work, she seems to think favorably of her slave owners, and what they taught her about topics like English and philosophy. However, in other works, she openly condemns the institution of slavery.
http://ushistoryscene.com/article/phillis-wheatley/

http://www.uky.edu/AS/English/courses/online/eng251/assignment13.html

What does the military represent for the young men in the novel Buried Onions?

On the most basic level, the military represents survival for the youths in Buried Onions. The employment options are extremely limited in the Mexican American neighborhoods of Fresno; many young people do not finish high school and, of those who do, few can afford higher education. Engaging in illegal activities is commonplace, with the related, sometimes fatal violence. After Jesús is killed, Eddie fully realizes how difficult it will be to avoid the dangers around them. Joining the military also represents opportunity, as they can learn some skills. Eddie seems neither idealistic nor patriotic, but is more concerned with escaping his current dangerous, dead-end situation. Once he enlists, he learns he will initially be sent inland and recognizes the irony of joining the navy to see the desert.

Can you explain some examples of irony in The Taming of the Shrew, please?

In The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare uses verbal, dramatic, and situational irony.
An example of verbal irony is in act two, scene one. Petruchio describes Kate as having "wondrous qualities and mild behavior." This is ironic because we know Kate is not at all mild. She is temperamental and outspoken. What Petruchio says is not true, and he knows it as well as we do.
Once Kate and Petruchio are married, we expect Kate to be the tempermental one, but Petruchio shows bad behavior in mistreating his servants. This role reversal is ironic. Kate is hungry, but Petruchio throws out the meat, saying it was not worth eating

I tell thee, Kate, 'twas burnt and dried away, And I expressly am forbid to touch it;For it engenders choler, planteth anger; And better 'twere that both of us did fast, Since, of ourselves, ourselves are choleric, Than feed it with such over-roasted flesh.

This is not what we are expecting, and therefore it is an example of situational irony. It soon turns to dramatic irony, as Petruchio informs the audience of his plan.

Last night she slept not, nor to-night she shall not; As with the meat, some undeserved fault I'll find about the making of the bed; And here I'll fling the pillow, there the bolster, This way the coverlet, another way the sheets; Ay, and amid this hurly I intend That all is done in reverend care of her-And, in conclusion, she shall watch all night; And if she chance to nod I'll rail and brawl And with the clamour keep her still awake. This is a way to kill a wife with kindness, And thus I'll curb her mad and headstrong humour.He that knows better how to tame a shrew

In scene three of this act, Kate laments on his treatment of her. She does not know why Petruchio is behaving this way, but we do—that is why it has become dramatic irony.

The more my wrong, the more his spite appears. What, did he marry me to famish me? Beggars that come unto my father's door 1960Upon entreaty have a present alms; If not, elsewhere they meet with charity; But I, who never knew how to entreat, Nor never needed that I should entreat, Am starv'd for meat, giddy for lack of sleep;

Kate begs Grumio for some food, and Grumio makes up excuses as to why it is not good for her. We know that it is really because Petruchio told him to starve her as his way of trying to "tame the shrew."

How is mental illness related to Hamlet?

One cannot overestimate the importance of Hamlet's promise "to put an antic disposition on." Not only does he promise this, but he says that he will do so "perchance hereafter." What does this mean? Quite simply, Hamlet's plan is to act crazy for the duration of the play. Why? At this point, Hamlet wants to test the different characters and family members to figure out whether the ghost's words are true. (However, could this really just be his very first delay in action?) The serious question for most scholars becomes one of appearance vs. reality: is Hamlet simply appearing crazy, or is he really crazy? If the answer is the latter (or even if it's not), the theme of mental illness is present here. It will not be the last time we see it in this play.

What happens in the begining of the book?

Avi’s novel Crispin: The Cross of Lead is the first book in a trilogy that follows a youth on a variety of adventures in 14th century England. The book begins in Stromford, a fictional English village, in the year 1377.
The opening chapter of the novel introduces Asta’s Son, a young boy whose full name is never revealed. Asta’s Son is a devout Christian and has recently lost his mother and is left alone without surviving relatives. The opening scenes narrate how Asta’s Son wraps his mother’s body in a grey shroud and buries her in the village cemetery, with the help of the local priest.
Upon exiting the cemetery, Asta’s Son meets John Aycliffe, the steward of the Manor House and one of the primary antagonists. Aycliffe cruelly tells Asta's Son that he will need to forfeit his ox as a death tax for his mother. The ox is Asta’s Son’s most valuable possession, and he is understandably angry at the injustice of Aycliffe’s request. After running into a nearby forest to escape and ponder his situation, Asta’s Son trips. He smashes his head on a rock and is knocked unconscious. This ends the plot of the first chapter of Crispin: The Cross of Lead. I hope this helps!

Why does Napoleon use Snowball's name to control the animals?

It’s clear in the early chapters of Animal Farm that Napoleon and Snowball had different ideas of what to do with the farm after their revolution. Both pigs weren’t going to be able to lead together, and Napoleon successfully exiled Snowball through the use of his trained dogs. To put this in Russian terms, as Animal Farm is an allegory of the rise of Communism in Russia, Stalin (Napoleon) takes over in the USSR after the death of Lenin (Old Major), and Trotsky (Snowball) is exiled for a series of political disagreements. He is later assassinated in Mexico. Stalin is well-known for taking out his political opponents through an extensive network of supporters, spies, and secret police, which the dogs represent.
In the context of the book, bringing up the image of Snowball does two things for Napoleon’s image. First, it makes Snowball a scapegoat. Every mistake and every problem, up to the destruction of the windmill, is blamed on Snowball. It’s ridiculous to think a tiny pig, acting on his own, could take down such a large construction project, but the animals buy it. Secondly, it helps Napoleon control the other animals through fear. Snowball becomes a kind of boogeyman for the other animals on the farm, and they are coerced to things, because if they don’t, the punishment is Snowball’s return. “Do you want Snowball to come back?” Squealer asks them, several times over, until they do as they’re told.
While Snowball is gone for good, the character still plays a very important role. Unfortunately for him (and Trotsky), he was more useful to Napoleon in his absence than he ever was in his presence.

After Napoleon usurps power and banishes Snowball from the farm, he develops into a tyrannical ruler who makes the animals work long hours while simultaneously reducing their food rations. As leader of Animal Farm, Napoleon employs a pig named Squealer to act as his mouthpiece and spread propaganda in his favor. Whenever anything goes wrong on the farm or Napoleon makes a costly mistake, he and Squealer place the blame on Snowball. Napoleon essentially uses Snowball as a scapegoat to shift the blame and hide his mistakes. Napoleon ends up blaming Snowball for colluding with neighboring farmers to attack Animal Farm and destroying the windmill. By using Snowball as a scapegoat, Napoleon successfully manipulates the animals into believing that he is always in the right while bolstering the hysterical atmosphere on the farm. Napoleon earns the animals' confidence by presenting himself as a faultless leader and courageous protector, which significantly increases his control over the animals.

Analyze Roger Chillingworth in literary terms.

Chillingworth is to a degree a symbol of the hypocrisy and generally negative forces Hawthorne identifies in the society of the seventeenth-century New England Puritans.
Though Hester and Dimmesdale have "sinned," the author's point is that Chillingworth, in methodically seeking vengeance, is committing a far worse moral error than they have. Theirs is a lapse in judgment rooted in passion; his is conscious, deliberate, and planned. Yet, as in all of Hawthorne's works, in The Scarlet Letter there is no clear-cut definition of good and evil. Chillingworth appears as a decrepit figure who, in spite of his wily plotting, is more pathetic than evil. In addition, if he brings about Dimmesdale's confession, in some sense Chillingworth can be seen as a kind of redeemer in disguise; this point, if valid, is emphasized by the fact that Chillingworth himself does not survive the story.
One does not know if the ambivalence that seems to be expressed by Hawthorne throughout his fiction is a kind of cover of, or attempt to disguise, the radical nature of his own free-thinking mindset, which would have been unacceptable to many people even in the more enlightened nineteenth-century world. Though both Hester and Dimmesdale emerge as Christ-like figures in the story, the figure of Chillingworth, though an enemy and an antagonist to both of them, cannot be explicitly analogized to the devil or to any other supernatural agent of evil. Hawthorne's point, as always, is that rigid moralistic thinking is wrong and self-destructive. At bottom, The Scarlet Letter is above all a human story that exists in a higher dimension than that of the religious condemnations and divisive forces of the time period in which it is set.

What do people believe about Mr. Murry?

To most people, Mr. Murry is a figure of mystery. His absence from the family home means that he's the subject of numerous bizarre theories as to his whereabouts. Some of the townsfolk say that he's run off with another woman, which makes Meg incredibly annoyed and upset. These people have no understanding of the love that Meg's parents share. Calvin sympathizes with Meg; he knows that Mr. Murry is a physicist who once worked on important projects for the government, so he reckons he must be doing some top secret work. That's certainly the impression that Mrs. Murry has. Because whenever she gets in touch with people in the know in Washington, they always tell her that her husband is on a secret, dangerous mission, and so is unable to contact his family.

Imagine that you are a member of the Athenian jury hearing the case of Socrates. How would you vote? Why?

As a modern person who believes in freedom of speech and doesn't believe in the death penalty, I would vote to acquit, because I don't think people deserve to die for expressing unpopular opinions.
If I lived in Classical Athens, however, I would have a whole different set of values (and, as a woman, I wouldn't be allowed to serve on a jury at all).
It's tempting to assume that, because the government of Athens was called a democracy, it was in some way analogous to modern democracies, but it was very different. Among other things, the Athenians practiced Ostracism, meaning that all of the citizens would take a shard of pottery (an ostrakon) and write down the name of the man they considered the greatest threat to the polis--and that man would be banished from the city for 10 years. This wasn't a treatment reserved for the worst of the worst criminals--several prominent statesmen were ostracized, due to fears that they would amass too much power.
Socrates wasn't ostracized, but I think it's relevant to keep in mind that the Athenians considered it acceptable to remove from society someone they considered a threat to the group, even if that person hadn't committed what we would think of as a crime. Socrates crime was that he encouraged his students to question society, and in the process, he got on the bad side of several prominent men in the city. Today, we would be horrified at the idea of executing someone as a political dissident. But if we grew up in a society that considered it normal, we would, too.

Socrates (c. 470 BCE – c. 399 BCE) was an outstanding Greek philosopher. He is often remembered as the first of the great three of ancient Greek philosophy: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. In fact, we know little of his life or of the arguments made at his trial. His writings were lost, and his ideas were passed on by his philosophical successors, especially Plato. Socrates featured prominently in Plato's books.
Socrates came from a humble family and may have worked as a mason. It is not known whether or not he was paid for his teaching. He served in the Athenian infantry during the war against Sparta.
Socrates stressed the importance of human reason. He said, "The unexamined life is not worth living." He thought the best government would be one led by men who possessed knowledge and virtue.
His ideas were controversial in Athens and ultimately resulted in his trial and death. Athens had lost a war with Sparta, and its place in the world was uncertain. Many felt Socrates contributed to that uncertainty by questioning Athens's established norms and rulers. After his trial, the vote to convict him was 280 to 221. He probably could have avoided death by going into exile, but this alternative did not interest him. Socrates bravely met his death: "The end of life is to be like God, and the soul following God will be like Him."
Today, it is easy to criticize the 280 men who condemned one of the greatest thinkers in human history. But people who feel threatened do not act rationally. That was true in the time of Socrates, and it still is true today.

Speaking personally, I would've voted to acquit Socrates. First and foremost, I would've done so because the charges against him—impiety against the gods and the corruption of youth—were manifestly absurd and had no evidence to back them up.
The second main reason for voting to acquit Socrates would be that he was a great man, a wise man who provided profound new insights into the human condition on a variety of different subjects. Socrates understood that philosophy—which literally means "the love of wisdom"—was primarily concerned with ethics, with what kind of life we choose to lead and how we behave towards others.
Yes, this strange-looking man, with his ugly face and disheveled clothing could be more than a little irritating at times, as he went about Athens questioning people on what they knew about the meaning of justice, for example. But there was a good reason behind Socrates's approach: he wanted nothing more than to get at the truth. And even if we might disagree with Socrates over his methods or his conclusions, it seems harsh to say the least to put him to death for trying to make people think seriously about life's big questions.

Analyze several Paula Gunn Allen quotes.

Paula Gunn Allen was a mixed-race writer and scholar who identified primarily as Native American. She is known for her poetry and contributions to literature.
Here is a quote from her book The Sacred Hoop: Recovering the Feminine in American Indian Traditions:

America does not seem to remember that it derived its wealth, its values, its food, much of its medicine, and a large part of its "dream" from Native Americans.

This quote addresses an important aspect of American history that is often forgotten, or not addressed enough. She references the idea of the "American Dream" and mentions how much of it comes from the Native Americans.

Hoop Dancer is a rendering of my understanding of the process by which one enters into timelessness—that place where one is whole.

This quote, also from The Sacred Hoop, reflects on her poem "Hoop Dancer," from her collection Life Is a Fatal Disease. I've included the beginning of this poem below:

It's hard to entercircling clockwise and counterclockwise moving noregard for time, metricsirrelevant to this dancewhere pain is the prime numberand soft stepping feetpraise water from the skies . . .

What stands out to me in this quote is the use of alliteration—for example, "circling clockwise and counter clockwise," "soft stepping," and "pain is the prime." I also like the metaphor of "pain is the prime number." The poem ends:

out of time, out oftime, outof time.

The repetition shows the theme of timelessness.
Another poem found in Life Is a Fatal Disease is called "Kopis'taya, a Gathering of Spirits." An excerpt follows:

Even so, the spirit voices are singing,their thoughts are dancing in the dirty air.Their feet touch the cement, the asphaltdelighting, still they weave dreams upon ourshadowed skulls, if we could listen.If we could hear.

In this section of the poem, she uses personification to describe the spirit thoughts as "dancing" and the ground "delighting" in connecting with them. The repetition of the phrase "if we could listen," but with the last word changed to "hear," puts an emphasis on this thought.
http://www.paulagunnallen.net/

How does Jig feel about motherhood?

Determining the definitive "feeling" that Jig has about motherhood is difficult because of the style in which the story is written. However, there are a few places in the awkward conversation between Jig and "the American" that imply that, although she is considering keeping the child, her feelings about motherhood are negative. From the beginning of the story, Jig characterizes herself as a woman who is extremely self-conscious and dependent upon others. She remarks several times how little she cares about herself and how much she wants to her lover to be happy. These qualities indicate that Jig is immature in many ways and does not want the responsibility of someone depending upon her.
Also, Jig's own statements reveal her thoughts and fears about motherhood. One of the most telling statements that Jig makes, after saying that she and the American "could have everything and every day we make it more impossible," is this: "No, it isn't. And once they take it away, you never get it back." She claims a few lines later that she "knows" this to be true. The pronouns "it" and "they" are used several times in the text as euphemisms for the child, so she is essentially claiming that the child would ruin their chances at living the life to which they are accustomed.

The American and Jig have to wait for a train to Madrid, where she is going to have an abortion. The reader can sense an awkwardness in both of them, despite the fact that they have had an intimate relationship for a long while. Jig does not want to talk about what is on both their minds, so she chooses to talk about the things that are the farthest away, the distant mountains. The story opens with a description of them: "The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white." She is trying to direct the man's attention away from her and away from the subject she knows intuitively that he wants to discuss. They have been traveling around Europe for a long time just sightseeing. Later she will say to him sarcastically, "That's all we do, isn't it—look at things and try new drinks?" When she comments on the white hills in the distance, she is just saying the same kind of thing she has been saying during their travels. She is not as interested in sightseeing as he is, but she has been trying to be a good companion. She is probably not interested in trying Anis del Toro either, but she wants to avoid thinking or talking about the coming abortion. She dreads it, and she really wants to have the baby. We can perhaps sense her maternal wish in the following sentence:
The girl looked at the bead curtain, put her hand out and took hold of two of the strings of beads.
Many of the things that are made for babies have beads on them, including cribs, playpens, and strollers. Perhaps, Jig is thinking about the baby inside her as she fondles the beads on the curtain advertising Anis del Toro. She has almost given up arguing with the American about having the abortion. She does make one last attempt to defend her unborn child after he has insisted on bringing up the subject of abortion. She says, "Doesn't it mean anything to you? We could get along." After that she gives up. She realizes he is adamant. But she does not want to hear any more of his persuasion and rationalization. She asks, "Would you please please please please please please please stop talking?"

How did Martin Luther King Jr's upbringing and family have an impact on how he dealt with the civil rights movement?

Martin Luther King, Jr was a third-generation pastor. This had a profound effect on his involvement in the civil rights movement, which was, at least until the late 1960s, centered on African-American churches. Like his grandfather and father before him, he served as pastor of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. He was thus accustomed from a young age to positions of community leadership. His academic training for the ministry also exposed him to important ideas that would inform his approach to the struggle for civil rights. Many of his early divinity professors were (more so than King's father) outspoken advocates for racial equality, which they viewed as a moral imperative. King's belief that injustice could not be tolerated in a democratic and moral society was rooted in his understanding of Christianity. In graduate school, he also read the works of Henry David Thoreau, Mahatma Gandhi, and theologian Reinhold Niebuhr. Thoreau and Gandhi advocated peaceful civil disobedience against laws that they deemed unjust. Niebuhr argued that pursuing social justice among human beings was a Christian imperative. King's speeches, sermons, and writings are laden with references to these men and others, speaking to the influence of his religious background on his civil rights work. Had he not been encouraged to pursue the ministry by his father, his life, and indeed American history, might have been much different.
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/martin-luther-king-jr

What does Mrs. Murry's treatment of Mrs. Whatsit tell you about Mrs. Murry?

Mrs. Whatsit is a somewhat eccentric older woman. Mrs. Murry has never met her. At the opening of the novel, while Meg, Charles Wallace, and Mrs. Murry are having a late night snack of sandwiches around the kitchen table, unable to sleep because of a violent storm, they hear the sound of someone at the back door of Mrs. Murry's lab.
Meg thinks it is a tramp, but Mrs. Murry nevertheless fearlessly goes to see who is there.
Mrs. Murry brings Mrs. Whatsit back to the kitchen and offers her a cup of hot chocolate. She then offers her a sandwich. She also helps her take off her boots and urges Mrs. Whatsit to spend the night with them. Overall, Mrs. Murry treats her strange guest with dignity and hospitality.
This shows that Mrs. Murry is a kind and compassionate person. She is willing to take a risk with a stranger rather than shut the door against her in fear. Her welcoming behavior therefore reveals her courage. She also instinctively trusts Mrs. Whatsit, even though Mrs. Whatsit has confessed to having stolen Mrs. Buncombe's sheets. This shows Mrs. Murry is a good judge of character.

What are some examples of self-government in the American colonies?

The colonial assemblies that developed in the colonies were excellent examples of self-government. Beginning with the Virginia House of Burgesses (established in 1619), colonial assemblies made up of representatives formed in most North American colonies. By the eighteenth century, many were bicameral, featuring a lower house elected by property-holders and an upper house chosen by the governor (or elected by the lower house).
By the early eighteenth century, most colonies had governors chosen by the Crown. However, colonial assemblies had considerable powers of self-government. They levied taxes, clashed with governors over spending and other exercises of Crown prerogative, and passed criminal and civil laws. While these laws had to be approved by officials in London, they were still an exercise in self-government, as they were made in response to local conditions.
It is also the case that British policy-makers, who generally took a hands-off approach to governing the colonies, encouraged self-government. The colonial assemblies, while increasingly filled with elites that were not terribly representative of the will of many colonists, serve as examples of self-government.
https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/House_of_Burgesses

How did The Wednesday Wars end?

The Wednesday Wars consists of multiple storylines that come together at the end of the book after the main character, Holling Hoodhood, has weathered personal upsets and tumultuous times. He grew up in the 1960s in a time of social and political unrest, and he had been witness to disturbing events, including the Vietnam War and the assassinations of President Kennedy and Martin Luther King. He had experienced a conflict in his personal life, too, as he dealt with an overbearing father and a runaway sister. By the end of the story, Holling has gained confidence in himself, and he is able to stand up to his father, who unlike Holling, believes that the most important things in life were business and social position.
Holling also learned to accept war and death as natural parts of life, but to focus on the good experiences that come hand in hand with the bad. After his sister leaves home, for instance, he realizes how much she means to him, and after, and after watching the horrors of the war, he enjoys the experience of watching Mrs. Baker’s husband return home. By the end of the story, Holling is also able to integrate what he learned from reading Shakespeare into his real-life experiences, which he realizes was Mrs. Baker’s intention all along.

Explain the difference between leaders and managers; explain how a leader has their own followers and that a leader knows their own strengths and weaknesses.

This a good question! Leaders differ from managers in a few critical ways. The first way is that leaders have a vision for the direction of an organization, while managers are charged with implementing the vision. Leaders have a vested interest in the vision and make the necessary sacrifices to bring the vision into reality, while managers are invested in the vision only to the extent that the vision set by the leaders requires a minimum sacrifice.
Managers are by nature technicians, and leaders are by nature architects. The differing roles do not diminish the importance of managers; leaders need managers to organize, structure, and implement a vision. Leaders think in broad terms, and, without the organizational skills of good managers, they have no way to transform their vision into action.
Differences between the two can also be observed in the people who work for and with leaders and managers. Those who work with leaders volunteer and submit to the vision of the leader willingly. Managers have workers who answer to the manager because of a financial interest (such as their pay), or because, in the hierarchy of the organization, they are under the direction of the manager to implement a process. People who work with leaders are willing to give up something in return for being part of the team, or they derive an intrinsic benefit from being part of the vision. Those who directly report to a manager are not as interested in the vision as they are in the extrinsic benefits of being part of the team.
It is important to note that, though we don't think of managers as leaders, they are--in their own right--leaders to the extent they have a role in moving the organization in the direction of the leader's vision. However, it would not be inaccurate to say that many a vision has been undermined when the support of the manager is less than enthusiastic. Leaders must choose who they work with very wisely if they are to be successful.